Identificación molecular de los principales escolítidos presentes en las plantaciones de Pinus radiata de Forestal Arauco
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Fecha
2023
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La propagación de insectos invasores para la industria forestal se ha vuelto cada vez más común
durante las últimas décadas, trayendo importantes consecuencias económicas tanto en los
países de origen como en los de destino. Frente a esto, los países afectados han establecido una
serie de normativas fitosanitarias para evitar la introducción de otras especies de insectos,
disminuir la propagación de las especies ya presentes y minimizar las pérdidas económicas. Para
lograr esto, es necesaria una identificación oportuna y específica de las especies de escolítidos
que están presentes en Chile y así poder orientar los métodos de control. Debido a lo anterior es
que este trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal identificar las especies de escolítidos presentes en
las plantaciones de Pinus radiata de Forestal Arauco mediante la aplicación de herramientas
moleculares como el análisis de la secuencia del gen COI. Para esto, en primer lugar, se optimizó
un protocolo de extracción de ADN, logrando resultados en poco tiempo, con buena
concentración y pureza. Para la amplificación de la región barcode del gen COI, se probaron dos
sets de partidores, obteniendo los mejores resultados con el set LCO1490/HC02198, lo que
permitió una secuenciación con valores de calidad (HQ) superiores al 85%. Mediante este
análisis, se logró identificar molecularmente tres especies de escolítidos de la corteza: Hylurgus
ligniperda, Hylastes ater, Hylastes linearis y dos escarabajos de ambrosía: Xyleborinus saxesenii
y Gnathotrupes sp. Finalmente, se construyó un árbol filogenético que confirmó la validez de las
secuencias obtenidas en este trabajo.
The spread of invasive insects for the forestry industry has become increasingly common over recent decades, bringing important economic consequences in both countries of origin and destination. Faced with this, the affected countries have established a series of phytosanitary regulations to prevent the introduction of other insect species, reduce the spread of species already present and minimize economic losses. To achieve this, a timely and specific identification of the bark beetle species that are present in Chile is necessary and thus be able to guide control methods. Due to the above, the main objective of this work was to identify the bark beetle species present in the Pinus radiata plantations of Forestal Arauco through the application of molecular tools such as the analysis of the COI gene sequence. For this, first of all, a DNA extraction protocol was optimized, achieving results in a short time, with good concentration and purity. For the amplification of the barcode region of the COI gene, two sets of primers were tested, obtaining the best results with the LCO1490/HC02198 set, which allowed sequencing with quality values (HQ) greater than 85%. Through this analysis, it was possible to molecularly identify three species of bark beetles: Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater, Hylastes linearis and two ambrosia beetles: Xyleborinus saxesenii and Gnathotrupes sp. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was built that confirmed the validity of the sequences obtained in this work.
The spread of invasive insects for the forestry industry has become increasingly common over recent decades, bringing important economic consequences in both countries of origin and destination. Faced with this, the affected countries have established a series of phytosanitary regulations to prevent the introduction of other insect species, reduce the spread of species already present and minimize economic losses. To achieve this, a timely and specific identification of the bark beetle species that are present in Chile is necessary and thus be able to guide control methods. Due to the above, the main objective of this work was to identify the bark beetle species present in the Pinus radiata plantations of Forestal Arauco through the application of molecular tools such as the analysis of the COI gene sequence. For this, first of all, a DNA extraction protocol was optimized, achieving results in a short time, with good concentration and purity. For the amplification of the barcode region of the COI gene, two sets of primers were tested, obtaining the best results with the LCO1490/HC02198 set, which allowed sequencing with quality values (HQ) greater than 85%. Through this analysis, it was possible to molecularly identify three species of bark beetles: Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater, Hylastes linearis and two ambrosia beetles: Xyleborinus saxesenii and Gnathotrupes sp. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was built that confirmed the validity of the sequences obtained in this work.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniera en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Insectos, Identificación, Pino Insigne, Enfermedades y Plagas