MediciĆ³n de la productividad de la mano de obra en "Intermodal La Cisterna"
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Fecha
2007
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Idioma
es
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Universidad AndrƩs Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
Un tema recurrente en este Ćŗltimo tiempo, hace referencia a los niveles de
productividad en la industria de la construcciĆ³n, donde los procesos operativos y de
gestiĆ³n, presentan variables que se transforman en factores crĆticos de Ć©xito. Para
lograr un control sobre Ć©stos, se debe trabajar sobre los flujos de informaciĆ³n, recursos
humanos, materiales y equipos. Sin embargo, a diferencia de otras industrias de
proceso, Ć©sta presenta un desfase en lo que se refiere al grado de tecnologizaciĆ³n y
capacitaciĆ³n.
Pero la diferencia mƔs sustancial con respecto a las otras industrias de proceso es el
hecho de que equipos multidisciplinarios roten de un proyecto a otro, en diversas y
cambiantes condiciones geogrĆ”ficas, al igual que la logĆstica en la cadena de
abastecimiento (proveedores, almacenamiento y distribuciĆ³n interna).
Con respecto a los procesos de soporte, tales como control de avance, costos y
mano de obra, los sistemas empleados por las empresas constructoras entregan
en general una visiĆ³n parcial del comportamiento de la productividad en obra, y no son
muy exactos ni Ɣgiles para medir y detectar problemas de productividad.
Respondiendo a las necesidades de la construcciĆ³n antes mencionadas, se han
desarrollado herramientas que permiten medir la productividad, entregando
valores detallados y efectivos para la gestiĆ³n, en tĆ©rminos del manejo de factores
productivos, como mano de obra, uso de equipos y materiales.
Este Ćŗltimo es el tema principal de esta memoria. La C\.Jal contiene la explicaciĆ³n
detallada del sistema "Lean Production" y su plena utilizaciĆ³n en la empresa
constructora Precon, obra "lntermodal la cisterna", una obra de extensiĆ³n con
aproximadamente 180 trabajadores. En esta obra se detectarƔn los problemas que
afecten directa o indirectamente a la productividad, se aplicarƔn acciones correctivas y
se analizarƔn los resultados.
A tapie appellant in the latter time, refers to the levels of productivity in the indusstry of the construction, where the operative processes and management, they present variables that transform in critica! factors of success. To achieve a control on these, it is necessary to work on the flows of information, human resources, material and equipments. Nevertheless, unlike other industries of process, this one presents Ā·a lack of coordination regarding the degree of training. But the most substantial difference with regard to other industries of process is the fact that multidisciplinary equipments rotate from a project to other one, in diverse and changeable geographical conditions, as the logistics in the chain of supply (suppliers, storage and interna! distribution). With regard to the processes of support, such as control of advance, costs and manpower, the systems used by the building firms deliver in general a partial vision of the behavior of the productivity in work, and are neither very exact nor agile to measure and to detect problems of productivity. Answering to the needs of the construction before mentioned, there have developed tools that allow to measure the productivity, delivering detailed and effective values for the management, in terms of the managing of productive factors, as manpower, use of equipments and materials. The latter is the principal tapie of this memory. Which contains the detailed explar,ation of the system "Lean Production" and the full utilization in Precon building firm, work "lntermodal La Cisterna", an extension work with approximqtely 180 workers. In this work there will be detected the prqblems that they affect directly or inqirectly to the productivity, correctiva actions will be applied and the results will be analized.
A tapie appellant in the latter time, refers to the levels of productivity in the indusstry of the construction, where the operative processes and management, they present variables that transform in critica! factors of success. To achieve a control on these, it is necessary to work on the flows of information, human resources, material and equipments. Nevertheless, unlike other industries of process, this one presents Ā·a lack of coordination regarding the degree of training. But the most substantial difference with regard to other industries of process is the fact that multidisciplinary equipments rotate from a project to other one, in diverse and changeable geographical conditions, as the logistics in the chain of supply (suppliers, storage and interna! distribution). With regard to the processes of support, such as control of advance, costs and manpower, the systems used by the building firms deliver in general a partial vision of the behavior of the productivity in work, and are neither very exact nor agile to measure and to detect problems of productivity. Answering to the needs of the construction before mentioned, there have developed tools that allow to measure the productivity, delivering detailed and effective values for the management, in terms of the managing of productive factors, as manpower, use of equipments and materials. The latter is the principal tapie of this memory. Which contains the detailed explar,ation of the system "Lean Production" and the full utilization in Precon building firm, work "lntermodal La Cisterna", an extension work with approximqtely 180 workers. In this work there will be detected the prqblems that they affect directly or inqirectly to the productivity, correctiva actions will be applied and the results will be analized.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Mano de Obra, Niveles de Productividad, Industria de la ConstrucciĆ³n, Control de Procesos, Acciones correctivas, Chile