Evaluación prospectiva del crecimiento, pre-smolt de salmón del Atlántico (salmo salar), bajo distintas raciones de densidades de cultivo
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2005
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En este estudio, se investigó la evaluación prospectiva del crecimiento de
salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar), en la producción de Smolt S0 en la fase de agua
dulce, en cultivo intensivo a una temperatura de 16.4 °C con exposición a un
fotoperíodo de LD 8:16, correspondiente al período de invierno. Con modificación de
la ración de alimento. Esta ración de alimento, fue modificada con la tasa de
alimentación (TA) que corresponde a un porcentaje del peso corporal o biomasa
total por unidad de cultivo. El período experimental fue realizado en tres etapas.
Cada etapa de estudio, está constituida por cuatro unidades de cultivo que fueron
divididas de acuerdo a la densidad de cultivo, dos corresponden al control, CAD y
CBD, y dos al experimental, EAD y EBD. En los grupos CAD y CBD se utilizan un
TAC de 2.50 por ciento constante. Mientras que los grupos EAD y EBD utilizaron
una TAE en decrecimiento. En la primera etapa de estudio la disminución de la TAE
fue desde un 2.00 a 1.00 por ciento, en la segunda etapa una TAE de 0.95 por
ciento y en la tercera etapa una TAE desde 0.85 a 0.80 por ciento. Los resultados
obtenidos fueron favorables para las unidades de cultivo EAD y EBD en la primera
etapa. Mientras que en la segunda y tercera etapa las unidades de cultivo CAD y
CBD presentaron un mayor crecimiento, los que fueron medidos con la ayuda de los
siguientes índices de crecimiento: Tasa de crecimiento específico (SGR),
Coeficiente de crecimiento termal o factor de crecimiento (TGC o GF3), Eficiencia de
crecimiento (Ec), Conversión por unidades térmicas (CUT), y Factor de condición
(FC o K100). También se evaluó el índice de conversión biológica (ICAb) para
evaluar el aprovechamiento del alimento por los peces.
Finalmente se concluyó que ha pesar de obtener un menor crecimiento en
las dos últimas etapas, el rendimiento productivo fue similar en los grupos control y
experimental, por cuanto la disminución de la ración de alimento puede llegar un
47.33 por ciento durante todo el período experimental. Por lo tanto, la tasa de
alimentación mínima puede llegar a un 0.8 por ciento.
In this study, the prospective evaluation of the growth of salmon of the Atlantic (Salmo salar) was investigated, in the Smolt production S0 in the phase of fresh water, in intensive cultivation to a temperature of 16.4 °C with exhibition to a fotoperiodo of LD 8:16, corresponding to the period of winter. With modification of the food portion. This food portion, it was modified with the feeding rate (TA) that corresponds to a percentage of the corporal weight or total biomass for cultivation unit. The experimental period was carried out in three stages. Each study stage, this constituted by four cultivation units that were divided according to the cultivation density, two they correspond at the control, CAD and CBD, and two to the experimental one, EAD and EBD. In the groups CAD and CBD a TAC of 2.50 percent constant was used. While the groups EAD and EBD a TAE used in decrease. In the first study stage the decrease of the TAE went from a 2.00 to 1.00 percent, in the second stage a TAE of 0.95 percent and in the third stage a TAE from 0.85 to 0.80 percent. The obtained results were favorable for the cultivation units EAD and EBD in the first stage. While in the second and third stage the cultivation units CAD and CBD presented a bigger growth, those that were measured with the help of the following indexes of growth: Rate of growth specifies (SGR), Coefficient of thermal growth or factor of growth (TGC or GF3), Efficiency of growth (Ec), Conversion for thermal units (CUT), and condition Factor (FC or K100). The index of biological conversion was Also evaluated (ICAb) to evaluate the use of the food for the fish. Finally you concludes that it is necessary to weigh of obtaining a smaller growth in two o'clock you finish stages, the productive yield was similar in the groups control and experimental, whereas the decrease of the food portion 47.33 percent can arrive during the whole experimental period. Therefore, the rate of minimum feeding can arrive to 0.8 percent.
In this study, the prospective evaluation of the growth of salmon of the Atlantic (Salmo salar) was investigated, in the Smolt production S0 in the phase of fresh water, in intensive cultivation to a temperature of 16.4 °C with exhibition to a fotoperiodo of LD 8:16, corresponding to the period of winter. With modification of the food portion. This food portion, it was modified with the feeding rate (TA) that corresponds to a percentage of the corporal weight or total biomass for cultivation unit. The experimental period was carried out in three stages. Each study stage, this constituted by four cultivation units that were divided according to the cultivation density, two they correspond at the control, CAD and CBD, and two to the experimental one, EAD and EBD. In the groups CAD and CBD a TAC of 2.50 percent constant was used. While the groups EAD and EBD a TAE used in decrease. In the first study stage the decrease of the TAE went from a 2.00 to 1.00 percent, in the second stage a TAE of 0.95 percent and in the third stage a TAE from 0.85 to 0.80 percent. The obtained results were favorable for the cultivation units EAD and EBD in the first stage. While in the second and third stage the cultivation units CAD and CBD presented a bigger growth, those that were measured with the help of the following indexes of growth: Rate of growth specifies (SGR), Coefficient of thermal growth or factor of growth (TGC or GF3), Efficiency of growth (Ec), Conversion for thermal units (CUT), and condition Factor (FC or K100). The index of biological conversion was Also evaluated (ICAb) to evaluate the use of the food for the fish. Finally you concludes that it is necessary to weigh of obtaining a smaller growth in two o'clock you finish stages, the productive yield was similar in the groups control and experimental, whereas the decrease of the food portion 47.33 percent can arrive during the whole experimental period. Therefore, the rate of minimum feeding can arrive to 0.8 percent.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniería en Acuicultura)
Palabras clave
Salmón del Atlántico, Evaluación del crecimiento, Cultivo, Alimentación, Chile