Caracterización de la pesquería del dorado (coryphaena hippurus) en Chile
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Fecha
2007
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El dorado, Coryphaena hippurus es capturado como fauna acompañante por la pesquería industrial del pez espada y como pesca objetivo por la pesquería artesanal en la I y II región de Chile. La investigación consistió en una revisión de la literatura mundial con énfasis en el Océano Pacífico Sur Oriental, además de un análisis de los datos pesqueros del IFOP durante los últimos 5 aífos. Adicionalmente se tomaron muestras de gónadas y del contenido estomacal en el puerto de Arica e !quique. Los resultados determinaron que ambas pesquerías son completamente distintas en ubicación espacial, arte de pesca, CPUE y puertos de desembarque. En el norte de Chile se determinaron valores de IGS sobre 3, indicando un desove inminente. Además, el dorado presenta un comportamiento trófico similar a otras zonas del mundo, es decir, es un depredador tope oportunista, que se alimenta principalmente de peces voladores. Con la información recopilada se determinó la existencia de un solo stock frente a la costa chilena, el cual tiene un comportamiento estacional, en la época estival se encuentra en zona costera del norte de Chile y durante la época invernal se concentra fuera de la ZEE en Alta Mar. Con estos antecedentes, más los descritos en la literatura se propuso un patrón migratorio del dorado en el Océano Pacífico Sur Oriental. El circuito migratorio del dorado comienza en Alta Mar, el cual se va hacia las zonas costeras de los países ribereños del Océano Pacífico en período de verano, con propósitos reproductivos. Posteriormente, el stock se dirige otra vez hacia la zona de Alta Mar en otoño, permaneciendo durante el invierno en la zona oceánica, donde posiblemente también se reproduce. Para retomar otra vez el patrón migratorio.
The dorado, Coruyphaena hippurus is captured as a by-catch by swordfish industrial fishery, and also as objective prey by artesanal fishery ofthe I and II regions ofChile. A review ofthe previous literature was made, with emphasis on the Southeast Pacific Ocean. The research method consisted in an analysis of the IFOP's fishery data base of the last 5 years, and samples of IGS and food were taken at Arica and Iquique ports. Results of this research are the first performed on this species, showing that both fisheries are completely di:fferent in spatial distribution, method of fishing; CPUE and landing ports. In the north of Chile, the dorado has a trophic behavior similar to other areas of the world, that is, it is a top opportunist depredator, mainly eating flying fishes. With all information gathered, this study determined that there exist only one stock of dorado at the front coast of Chile, which has a temporal behavior, during summer time the dorado is in coastal zone of the north of Chile and during winter time it is concentrated out of ZEE in open ocean. With these records, plus those described in literature, a migratory pattern of the dorado in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean was proposed. This migration patron begins in open ocean, first the stock moves to the coast of South America in summer, with reproductive purposes. Then the stock migrates again to open sea in autumn staying there in winter, where it also has the possibility of reproduction, in order to remake the migratory pattern.
The dorado, Coruyphaena hippurus is captured as a by-catch by swordfish industrial fishery, and also as objective prey by artesanal fishery ofthe I and II regions ofChile. A review ofthe previous literature was made, with emphasis on the Southeast Pacific Ocean. The research method consisted in an analysis of the IFOP's fishery data base of the last 5 years, and samples of IGS and food were taken at Arica and Iquique ports. Results of this research are the first performed on this species, showing that both fisheries are completely di:fferent in spatial distribution, method of fishing; CPUE and landing ports. In the north of Chile, the dorado has a trophic behavior similar to other areas of the world, that is, it is a top opportunist depredator, mainly eating flying fishes. With all information gathered, this study determined that there exist only one stock of dorado at the front coast of Chile, which has a temporal behavior, during summer time the dorado is in coastal zone of the north of Chile and during winter time it is concentrated out of ZEE in open ocean. With these records, plus those described in literature, a migratory pattern of the dorado in the Eastern South Pacific Ocean was proposed. This migration patron begins in open ocean, first the stock moves to the coast of South America in summer, with reproductive purposes. Then the stock migrates again to open sea in autumn staying there in winter, where it also has the possibility of reproduction, in order to remake the migratory pattern.
Notas
Tesis (Biólogo Marino, Magíster en Biología Marina)
Palabras clave
Industria Pesquera, Control de la Producción, Chile