Rol del fonoaudiólogo en el manejo de las dificultades en la alimentación complementaria en niños con síndrome de down, Resivión sistemática tipo scoping
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Fecha
2021
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Las dificultades de alimentación en niños con Síndrome de Down (SD) son frecuentes
debido a las malformaciones orofaciales, hipotonía y debilidad en la musculatura oral y
faríngea. Por ello el Fonoaudiólogo es el profesional idóneo para diagnosticar, evaluar e
intervenir las dificultades de alimentación. A partir de esto, se realizó una revisión
sistemática de tipo scoping de la literatura, con el objetivo de analizar el rol del
fonoaudiólogo en el manejo de las dificultades en la alimentación complementaria en
niños con SD. Se realizó una búsqueda estratégica en 6 bases de datos: Academic
Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Medline Complete (EBSCO), Pubmed, ClinicalKey, Cochrane
Library, SciELO. Del mismo modo, se buscaron estudios en inglés y español en las
referencias de cada artículo seleccionado de las bases de datos y en literatura gris. Los
artículos cumplieron con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: rol del fonoaudiólogo,
manejo de las dificultades en la alimentación complementaria y niños con SD. Se
seleccionaron un total de 9 artículos que fueron analizados críticamente por medio de las
guías CASPe y STROBE. En los artículos se evidencian mejoras significativas en las
dificultades de alimentación cuando existe un trabajo en equipo padres-terapeuta. Se
observa que las dificultades en niños con SD se encuentran predominantemente en las
3 fases de la deglución, debido a disfunciones orofaciales predispuestas en su genética.
Dichas dificultades en niños con SD de 0-3 meses se presentaban más exacerbadas.
Los problemas de alimentación en los bebés mejoraron durante el período de 4 a 12
meses. Sin embargo, existe una escasa evidencia en la literatura sobre el Rol del
fonoaudiólogo en las dificultades de alimentación.
Por siguiente, al recabar información se observó que, aún falta más evidencia del rol
fonoaudiológico, ya que la mayoría de los estudios destacan la importancia de un equipo
multidisciplinario, pero no especifican sobre el área fonoaudiológica, es por ello que en
este estudio se analizará el rol del fonoaudiólogo en el manejo de las dificultades en la
alimentación complementaria en niños con SD.
Feeding difficulties in children with Down Syndrome (DS) are frequent due to orofacial malformations, hypotonia and weakness in the oral and pharyngeal musculature. Therefore, the speech therapist is the ideal professional to diagnose, evaluate and intervene in feeding difficulties. Based on this, a systematic scoping review of the literature was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of the speech therapist in the management of complementary feeding difficulties in children with DS. A strategic search was carried out in 6 databases: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Medline Complete (EBSCO), Pubmed, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, SciELO. Similarly, we searched for studies in English and/or Spanish in the references of each article selected from the databases and in gray literature. The articles met the following inclusion criteria: role of the speech-language pathologist, management of complementary feeding difficulties and children with DS. A total of 9 articles were selected and critically analyzed using the CASPe and STROBE guides. The articles show significant improvements in feeding difficulties when there is parent-therapist teamwork. It is observed that the difficulties in children with DS are predominantly found in the 3 phases of swallowing, due to predisposed orofacial dysfunctions in their genetics. These difficulties in children with DS aged 0-3 months were more exacerbated. Feeding problems in infants improved during the 4-12 month period. However, there is little evidence in the literature on the role of the speech therapist in feeding difficulties. Therefore, when collecting information, it was observed that there is still a lack of evidence on the role of the speech therapist, since most studies highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team, but do not specify the speech therapy area, which is why this study will analyze the role of the speech therapist in the management of complementary feeding difficulties in children with DS.
Feeding difficulties in children with Down Syndrome (DS) are frequent due to orofacial malformations, hypotonia and weakness in the oral and pharyngeal musculature. Therefore, the speech therapist is the ideal professional to diagnose, evaluate and intervene in feeding difficulties. Based on this, a systematic scoping review of the literature was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of the speech therapist in the management of complementary feeding difficulties in children with DS. A strategic search was carried out in 6 databases: Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Medline Complete (EBSCO), Pubmed, ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, SciELO. Similarly, we searched for studies in English and/or Spanish in the references of each article selected from the databases and in gray literature. The articles met the following inclusion criteria: role of the speech-language pathologist, management of complementary feeding difficulties and children with DS. A total of 9 articles were selected and critically analyzed using the CASPe and STROBE guides. The articles show significant improvements in feeding difficulties when there is parent-therapist teamwork. It is observed that the difficulties in children with DS are predominantly found in the 3 phases of swallowing, due to predisposed orofacial dysfunctions in their genetics. These difficulties in children with DS aged 0-3 months were more exacerbated. Feeding problems in infants improved during the 4-12 month period. However, there is little evidence in the literature on the role of the speech therapist in feeding difficulties. Therefore, when collecting information, it was observed that there is still a lack of evidence on the role of the speech therapist, since most studies highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team, but do not specify the speech therapy area, which is why this study will analyze the role of the speech therapist in the management of complementary feeding difficulties in children with DS.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Fonoaudiología)
Palabras clave
Síndrome de Down, Aspectos Nutricionales, Diagnóstico de los hábitos alimenticios, Rol del Fonoaudiólogo, Chile