Descripción de la deglución en niños normales menores de un año de edad en Santiago de Chile
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Fecha
2011
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En el siguiente documento presentamos un estudio descriptivo acerca de las
características propias del control motor oral en menores normales, de 0 a 1 año de
vida, el cual entrega datos precisos acerca de las conductas que pueden esperarse,
en este grupo de sujetos, dentro de los cuatro trimestres correspondientes a dicho
rango de edad.
En este estudio se observó una muestra de 30 sujetos de edades entre los 0 a 12
meses. Luego de conseguir la autorización de los padres, los menores fueron
evaluados en casa o en jardín infantil, bajo la tutela de la madre o profesional a
cargo. Se aplicó una pauta de evaluación creada por el presente grupo de Seminario
de Título, en la cual se observó estructura, tonicidad y funcionalidad de OFA, además
se analizaron las etapas anticipatoria, preparatoria oral, oral y faríngea de la
deglución, en donde se pudieron observar características específicas como la función
labial, donde destaca que la succión es voluntaria a partir del tercer trimestre de
vida. Se aprecia que los movimientos linguales en el primer semestre de vida son
únicamente anteroposteriores, agregándose al tercer trimestre los movimientos
laterales. En cuanto a los movimientos mandibulares, éstos son verticales reflejos
durante los dos primeros trimestres, y ya en el tercer trimestre se presentan
movimientos verticales voluntarios combinados con laterales. Los reflejos orales
observados en los sujetos de la muestra fueron, el de orientación y búsqueda
durante el primer y segundo trimestre, al igual que el de mordida fásica que se
extiende hasta el tercer trimestre. El reflejo de succión está presente todo el primer
trimestre. Los reflejos nauseoso y deglutorio, se encuentran presentes durante los
primeros cuatro trimestres de vida, lo cual concuerda con la literatura revisada, en
Adaptación de Alimentación y deglución. Aspectos relacionados con el desarrollo
normal- Vol. 4 Núms. 1-2 Enero-Junio, Julio-Diciembre 2005- Francisco Aguilar
Rebolledo. Se espera inspirar futuras investigación que logren validar el test, con el objetivo de
implementarlo como una herramienta de fácil aplicación, útil para pesquisar
alteraciones de la deglución en cualquiera de sus etapas, y prevenir de este modo,
todo tipo de consecuencias que pueda traer dicho trastorno.
In the following paper, we present a descriptive study of the characteristics of oral motor control in normal children from 0 to 1 year of life, which delivers precise information about the behaviors that can be expected at a certain age. In this study, we observed a sample of 30 subjects aged between 0 to 12 months. After getting the permission of parents, children were assessed at home or in kindergarten, under the tutelage of the mother or professional office. We applied a pattern of assessment established by this Title Seminar group, which was observed structure, tone, and functionality of speech articulators also analyzed the anticipatory stage, oral preparatory, oral and pharyngeal swallowing, where it could observe specific characteristics such as lip function, which shows that the suction is voluntary from the third quarter of life. lt is seen that tongue movements in the first half of life are only anteroposterior, adding the third quarter lateral movements. As mandibular movements, they are vertical reflexes during the first two quarters, and by the third quarter are combined with voluntary vertical movements sides. Oral reflexes observed in the subjects in the sample were seeking the guidance and the first and second quarters, like the phasic bite that extends through the third quarter. The sucking reflex is present throughout the first quarter. Gag and swallowing reflexes are present during the first four quarters of life. Be hopes to inspire future research to validate the test succeed, with the objective of implementing it as a tool easy to use, useful for determining the presence of swallowing disorders in all its stages, and thus prevent all kinds of consequences can bring the disorder.
In the following paper, we present a descriptive study of the characteristics of oral motor control in normal children from 0 to 1 year of life, which delivers precise information about the behaviors that can be expected at a certain age. In this study, we observed a sample of 30 subjects aged between 0 to 12 months. After getting the permission of parents, children were assessed at home or in kindergarten, under the tutelage of the mother or professional office. We applied a pattern of assessment established by this Title Seminar group, which was observed structure, tone, and functionality of speech articulators also analyzed the anticipatory stage, oral preparatory, oral and pharyngeal swallowing, where it could observe specific characteristics such as lip function, which shows that the suction is voluntary from the third quarter of life. lt is seen that tongue movements in the first half of life are only anteroposterior, adding the third quarter lateral movements. As mandibular movements, they are vertical reflexes during the first two quarters, and by the third quarter are combined with voluntary vertical movements sides. Oral reflexes observed in the subjects in the sample were seeking the guidance and the first and second quarters, like the phasic bite that extends through the third quarter. The sucking reflex is present throughout the first quarter. Gag and swallowing reflexes are present during the first four quarters of life. Be hopes to inspire future research to validate the test succeed, with the objective of implementing it as a tool easy to use, useful for determining the presence of swallowing disorders in all its stages, and thus prevent all kinds of consequences can bring the disorder.
Notas
Tesis (Fonoaudiología)
Palabras clave
Comuna de Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile, Deglución, Niños