Una solución a la baja duración de las pistas de hormigón en la minería subterránea : pruebas realizadas en mina CODELCO División Andina.
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2014
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Resumen
RESUMEN: Codelco División Andina, es el primer productor de cobre del mundo, comenzó su
explotación en el año 1970, posee explotación a rajo abierto y subterránea, esta última
es la más compleja de explotar debido a las condiciones desfavorables existentes al
interior de la mina. Actualmente en la mina subterránea se presenta el problema de la
baja duración de las pistas de rodado en producción LHD y transporte.
En la mina subterránea, las galerías son de forma aboveda, tanto en el nivel 16 y nivel
17, las pistas están confeccionadas de un hormigón estructural tipo H-50 MPa el cual
luego de 9 meses de utilización presenta serios daños debido a la solicitaciones. Estas
son producidas por los equipos LHD y tolvas de transporte, este deterioro produce
disminuciones en los rendimientos y aumento en los costos de mantención de los
equipos , además de una mayor contratación de operarios debido al mínimo confort
durante los turnos.
Codelco en busca de una solución, realizo sectores de prueba en el cual se pican los
sectores con deterioro aproximadamente 15 cm de profundidad y se coloca un
hormigón H-80 MPa, sobre el cual se aplica un hormigón se sacrificio reforzado con
fibras de acero tipo Densitop T-100 MPa de 2,5 cm de espesor con la técnica de fresco
sobre fresco, pero luego de un tiempo el deterioro se produce de igual manera.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es dar una solución a la baja duración de las pistas
de producción LHD y transporte en la mina subterránea Codelco División Andina.
Como solución, se propuso el cepillado de la superficie a través de cepilladora PC-150
Diamond Grinding, que tiene las dimensiones adecuadas para poder desplazarse en las
galerías de la mina, a través de esta técnica se pueden realizar programas de
mantención, para así mantener un IRI optimo de trabajo que no afecte los rendimientos
y mantenga un confort adecuado para los operadores.
Como Codelco no realiza controles de IRI y por lo tanto no contábamos con un
indicador de referencia IRI en los pavimentos de la mina, se debió realizar mediciones
del estado de IRI y aceleración vibratoria, para poder constatar el deterioro de los
pavimentos y el confort de los operadores durante su jornada de trabajo.
Para tener un indicador inicial de IRI se midieron los pavimentos nuevos los cuales
entregaros resultados de IRI 5,7 m/km, es te valor se tomara como optimo. Además las
mediciones de los pavimentos antiguos nos entregaros resultados de IRI 7 a 12 m/km.
Las mediciones de aceleración Vibratoria indicaron que en el nivel 16 las jornadas de
trabajo pueden extenderse máximo 3,5 a 6 horas continuas en algunos sectores lo que
nos corrobora el valor IRI medido.
Durante el proceso de cepillado en el nivel 17 se midio el IRI entre cepillados
lográndose resultados satisfactoria debido a que de un IRI inicial 8,56 m/km se logro
disminuir a un IRI 6,43 m/km con dos pasadas.
UNA SOLUCIÓN A LA BAJA DURACIÓN DE LAS PISTAS DE HORMIGÓN EN LA MINERIA SUBTERRÁNEA x
De lo anterior podemos concluir que el cepillado de la superficie es una alternativa a
tomar en cuenta como solución a la baja duración de las pistas de rodado.
Para realizar una mantención periódica de las pistas, a través del cepillado de la
superficie, se recomienza la confección de los nuevos pavimentos y las reparaciones de
los antiguos pavimentos en espesores mínimos de 15 cm en hormigón de sacrificio tipo
Densitop T-100, y así tener un espesor adecuado para cepillar en reiteradas ocasiones.
ABSTRACT: Codelco Division Andina is the first copper producer of the world, the strip mining began in 1970, it has an open pit and subterranean mine, the last one is the most complex due to the bad condition inside the mine. At the moment the subterranean mine has a problem, is the round stones track short duration in LDH production and transport. In the subterranean mine, galleries are cavern shaped, levels 16 and 17, the tracks are made from structural concrete type H-50 MPa which after 9 months of usage it has serious damages due to the demanding usages. These damages are produced by LHD equipment and transport hoppers, this deterioration produces a decreasing in the performing and an increasing in expense in terms on maintenance of the equipments, apart from the operators hiring due to uncomfortable conditions of the shifts. Codelco searched a solution, it made a testing area in which the damaged areas are poked, 15 cm deep approximately and a H-80 MPA concrete is put, in which a fiber steel concrete type Densitop T- 100 MPa 2,5 cm thickness with the cool over cool technique but after all the damage come back again. The main target of this research is giving a solution for the short duration of the LHD production tracks and transport in Codelco Division Andina subterranean mine. As a solution a planed down was propose in the surface through the planer down PC- 150 Diamond Grinding, that has the appropriate measures in order to be able to road in the mine galleries, through this technique maintenance programs can be made in order to maintain an optimal IRI at work that doesn’t affect the performance and also has an proper comfort for the operators during their shifts. In order to have an initial IRI new asphalts were measured which had an 5,7 m /km IRI, this result is considered optimal. Apart from the old asphalts measures were given from 7 to 12 m/km IRI. The Vibratory acceleration measurements indicated that in the 16 level the working day could be extended from 3,5 to 6 hours in some areas that corroborates measured IRI. During the plane down process in the 17 level The IRI was measure between plane downs making satisfactory and important results due to an initial 8,56 m/km IRI a decreased was reached a 6,46 m/km IRI with two rounds. The previous research can make us think that the plane down of the surface is an alternative to be considered as a solution for the round stones track short duration. In order to make a constant maintenance of the tracks, through the plane down of the surface, start over again is recommended in terms of making new asphalts and fixing of the old asphalts in minimal densities of 15 cm in the concrete type Densitop T-100, in that way a proper density can be can be plane down many times.
ABSTRACT: Codelco Division Andina is the first copper producer of the world, the strip mining began in 1970, it has an open pit and subterranean mine, the last one is the most complex due to the bad condition inside the mine. At the moment the subterranean mine has a problem, is the round stones track short duration in LDH production and transport. In the subterranean mine, galleries are cavern shaped, levels 16 and 17, the tracks are made from structural concrete type H-50 MPa which after 9 months of usage it has serious damages due to the demanding usages. These damages are produced by LHD equipment and transport hoppers, this deterioration produces a decreasing in the performing and an increasing in expense in terms on maintenance of the equipments, apart from the operators hiring due to uncomfortable conditions of the shifts. Codelco searched a solution, it made a testing area in which the damaged areas are poked, 15 cm deep approximately and a H-80 MPA concrete is put, in which a fiber steel concrete type Densitop T- 100 MPa 2,5 cm thickness with the cool over cool technique but after all the damage come back again. The main target of this research is giving a solution for the short duration of the LHD production tracks and transport in Codelco Division Andina subterranean mine. As a solution a planed down was propose in the surface through the planer down PC- 150 Diamond Grinding, that has the appropriate measures in order to be able to road in the mine galleries, through this technique maintenance programs can be made in order to maintain an optimal IRI at work that doesn’t affect the performance and also has an proper comfort for the operators during their shifts. In order to have an initial IRI new asphalts were measured which had an 5,7 m /km IRI, this result is considered optimal. Apart from the old asphalts measures were given from 7 to 12 m/km IRI. The Vibratory acceleration measurements indicated that in the 16 level the working day could be extended from 3,5 to 6 hours in some areas that corroborates measured IRI. During the plane down process in the 17 level The IRI was measure between plane downs making satisfactory and important results due to an initial 8,56 m/km IRI a decreased was reached a 6,46 m/km IRI with two rounds. The previous research can make us think that the plane down of the surface is an alternative to be considered as a solution for the round stones track short duration. In order to make a constant maintenance of the tracks, through the plane down of the surface, start over again is recommended in terms of making new asphalts and fixing of the old asphalts in minimal densities of 15 cm in the concrete type Densitop T-100, in that way a proper density can be can be plane down many times.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Ingeniería de Minas., Minería Subterránea.