Evaluación del Potencial Geotermal de Baja Entalpía para el Uso Agrícola en la Zona de la Cuenca de Limache, Región de Valparaíso, Chile
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2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
La Energía Geotérmica es aquella única fuente inagotable de energía renovable contenida al interior de la Tierra, que puede ser almacenada y extraída gracias a las distintas propiedades termales que presenta el subsuelo.
El presente estudio trata de evaluar la caracterización térmica, para el aprovechamiento energético mediante sistemas geotérmicos de baja entalpía, dadas las características fisicoquímicas, térmicas y geológicas. La Comuna de Limache, es distinguida por presentar una producción agrícola basada en el cultivo del tomate “Limachino”, hortaliza que presenta un periodo corto de cosecha (exclusivamente en épocas de verano), debido a esto, se pretende amortiguar las temperaturas del sector, mediante la climatización de espacios, con la finalidad de ayudar a los agricultores a presentar más de una cosecha al año.
Para determinar la cantidad de energía disponible en el sector, se procedió a realizar una recopilación exhaustiva de datos, tanto bibliográficos como en terreno, mediante la utilización de imágenes multiespectrales, para la estimación de la temperatura superficial; análisis geológicos para la definición de las secuencias estratigráficas y estudios hidrogeológicos para la determinación de las temperaturas en profundidad.
Los resultados obtenidos para la Comuna de Limache indican las temperaturas promedio son de 15,15°C a 13 m de profundidad, punto en el cual las variaciones de temperaturas ambientales no influyen en la temperatura subterránea. Utilizando, además, los valores de caudales estipulados por la DGA se ha estimado una energía extraíble del acuífero de 223,2 kW, con lo que se puede suplir la demanda energética para 5 invernaderos de 150 m2 de dimensión.
Por lo que, el potencial geotérmico de la zona de Limache, permite el intercambio de calor hacia la superficie, con la finalidad de ejercer climatización de invernaderos contribuyendo al desarrollo agrícola y comunitario.
Geothermal energy is the only inexhaustible source of renewable energy contained within the Earth, which can be stored and extracted thanks to the different thermal properties that the subsoil presents. The present study attempts to evaluate the thermal characterization, for energy use through low enthalpy geothermal systems, given the physicochemical, thermal and geological characteristics. The Commune of Limache, is caracterized by presenting an agricultural production based on the tomato cultivation "Limachino", a vegetable that presents a short period of harvest (exclusively in summer season), due to this it is that it is intended to cushion the temperatures of the sector, through the air conditioning of spaces, in order to help farmers to present more than one harvest a year. To determine the amount of energy available in the zone, an exhaustive collection of data was carried out, both on bibliographic and field, through the use of multispectral images, for the estimation of surface temperature; geological analysis, for the definition of stratigraphic sequences and hydrogeological studies for the determination of temperatures in depth. The results obtained for the Commune of Limache indicate that the average temperatures are 15.15°C at a depth of 13 m, in this point the variations in environmental temperatures doesn´t influence the underground temperature. Using, in addition, the values of flows stipulated by the DGA, an extractable energy of 223.2 kW has been estimated of the aquifer, with which the energy demand for 5 greenhouses of 150 m2 in size can be met. Therefore, the geothermal potential of the Limache area allows the exchange of heat towards the surface, with the purpose of heating greenhouse, contributing to agricultural and community development.
Geothermal energy is the only inexhaustible source of renewable energy contained within the Earth, which can be stored and extracted thanks to the different thermal properties that the subsoil presents. The present study attempts to evaluate the thermal characterization, for energy use through low enthalpy geothermal systems, given the physicochemical, thermal and geological characteristics. The Commune of Limache, is caracterized by presenting an agricultural production based on the tomato cultivation "Limachino", a vegetable that presents a short period of harvest (exclusively in summer season), due to this it is that it is intended to cushion the temperatures of the sector, through the air conditioning of spaces, in order to help farmers to present more than one harvest a year. To determine the amount of energy available in the zone, an exhaustive collection of data was carried out, both on bibliographic and field, through the use of multispectral images, for the estimation of surface temperature; geological analysis, for the definition of stratigraphic sequences and hydrogeological studies for the determination of temperatures in depth. The results obtained for the Commune of Limache indicate that the average temperatures are 15.15°C at a depth of 13 m, in this point the variations in environmental temperatures doesn´t influence the underground temperature. Using, in addition, the values of flows stipulated by the DGA, an extractable energy of 223.2 kW has been estimated of the aquifer, with which the energy demand for 5 greenhouses of 150 m2 in size can be met. Therefore, the geothermal potential of the Limache area allows the exchange of heat towards the surface, with the purpose of heating greenhouse, contributing to agricultural and community development.
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Palabras clave
Energía Geotérmica, Evaluación, Entalpía, Agricultura, Chile, Limache