Actualizaciones sobre "Irisina": la nueva mioquina
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2016-09
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es
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Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica
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Atribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
Resumen
En la búsqueda continua de los investigadores por combatir de manera más efectiva la obesidad, se descubre una mioquina llamada Irisina. La Irisina es secretada principalmente por el músculo esquelético en respuesta al ejercicio, ya sea aeróbico, de fuerza o de alta intensidad, donde se incluyen, ejercicios de intervalo de alta intensidad (HIIT). Esta hormona polipeptídica actúa principalmente sobre células adiposas subcutáneas, transformando grasa blanca en grasa parda. La grasa parda es altamente termogénica, lo que favorece el aumento del gasto energético total y ayuda a mantener o incluso a perder peso corporal. La concentración de Irisina plasmática se relaciona positivamente con la sensibilidad a la insulina y la pérdida de peso. Además, se ha descubierto que una mayor concentración de Irisina plasmática se relaciona con el alargamiento de los telómeros, y también, con una mayor concentración de T4 libre y con un recién descubierto efecto antitumoral en algunos tipos de cáncer. Todas las funciones mediadas por la Irisina, le atribuyen una acción protectora contra distintas enfermedades, especialmente metabólicas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue actualizar el conocimiento sobre la Irisina, evidenciando los efectos que tiene la realización de ejercicio sobre los niveles plasmáticos de ésta, así como también comprender como su liberación influye en distintos sistemas corporales. El contar con mayor información dará paso a nuevas líneas de investigación y permitirá contar con estrategias terapéuticas no farmacológicas que contribuyan en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.
In the continuous search of researchers to find an effective method to control obesity, a myokine called Irisin was found. Irisin is secreted mainly by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, either resistance, strength or high intensity, where High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is included. This polypeptide hormone acts mainly on subcutaneous adipose cells, turning white fat into brown fat. Brown fat is highly thermogenic, which enhance raising of total energy expenditure and helps maintaining or loosing corporal weight. Plasmatic Irisin levels are related positively with insulin sensitivity and weight loss. It has been also discovered that a greater plasmatic level of Irisin is related to the lengthening of telomeres, to a greater concentration of free tyrosine (T4) and it has been recently found that is related to an antitumoral effect on some types of cancer. All of the functions mediated by Irisin, have given it a protective action against different diseases, especially metabolic ones. The aim of this review was to update the knowledge about Irisin, and to show the effects that exercise has on its plasmatic levels, as well as comprehend how does the release of irisin influences different body systems. Counting with more information will allow the arising of new lines of investigation that will bring up non pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Key words: Irisin, overweight, exercise, FNDC5, myokine.
In the continuous search of researchers to find an effective method to control obesity, a myokine called Irisin was found. Irisin is secreted mainly by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, either resistance, strength or high intensity, where High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is included. This polypeptide hormone acts mainly on subcutaneous adipose cells, turning white fat into brown fat. Brown fat is highly thermogenic, which enhance raising of total energy expenditure and helps maintaining or loosing corporal weight. Plasmatic Irisin levels are related positively with insulin sensitivity and weight loss. It has been also discovered that a greater plasmatic level of Irisin is related to the lengthening of telomeres, to a greater concentration of free tyrosine (T4) and it has been recently found that is related to an antitumoral effect on some types of cancer. All of the functions mediated by Irisin, have given it a protective action against different diseases, especially metabolic ones. The aim of this review was to update the knowledge about Irisin, and to show the effects that exercise has on its plasmatic levels, as well as comprehend how does the release of irisin influences different body systems. Counting with more information will allow the arising of new lines of investigation that will bring up non pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment of non-communicable diseases. Key words: Irisin, overweight, exercise, FNDC5, myokine.
Notas
Indexación: Scopus.
Palabras clave
Irisina, Obesidad, Ejercicio, FNDC5, Mioquinas
Citación
Revista Chilena de Nutricion. Volume 43, Issue 3, Pages 308 - 314. September 2016
DOI
10.4067/S0717-75182016000300012