EvaluaciĆ³n de encuestas para padres, apoderados y profesores de JUNAEB aplicada en cinco comunas de la RegiĆ³n Metropolitana
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Fecha
2014
Profesor/a GuĆa
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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TĆtulo del volumen
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Universidad AndrƩs Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La evaluaciĆ³n auditiva en los niƱos en etapas tempranas ha sido una constante
preocupaciĆ³n a nivel preescolar y escolar debido a que las pĆ©rdidas auditivas se pueden asociar a
un retraso del lenguaje produciendo dificultades escolares.
La Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) proporciona a nivel auditivo,
un apoyo a los niƱos preescolares y escolares, pesquisƔndolos con la encuesta para padres,
apoderados y profesores que recopila antecedentes que pueden indicar la presencia de una
pƩrdida auditiva. Es por esto que surge la inquietud de conocer el real desempeƱo de la encuesta
en relaciĆ³n a los niƱos que no fueron pesquisados y a los que sĆ fueron pesquisados sin presentar
alguna alteraciĆ³n auditiva.
Para evaluar la encuesta, se les realizaron Emisiones OtoacĆŗsticas por Producto de
distorsiĆ³n (PdEOA) a la totalidad de la matrĆcula de pre- kĆnder, kĆnder y primero bĆ”sico de
cinco establecimientos pertenecientes a una comuna de la RegiĆ³n Metropolitana, evaluĆ”ndose a
399 niƱos, que equivalen al 95% de una poblaciĆ³n de 419 niƱos.
El anĆ”lisis de los datos se realizĆ³ en base a 229 niƱos que fueron evaluados con PdEOA
y se descartaron 170 niƱos por tener tapones de cerumen, microtia y comportamiento inadecuado
durante la evaluaciĆ³n, los datos fueron contrastados a travĆ©s de fĆ³rmulas y grĆ”ficos utilizados
para evaluar una prueba diagnĆ³stica en base a los verdaderos positivos, falsos positivos,
verdaderos negativos y falsos negativos de la encuesta para padres, apoderados y profesores, lo
que arrojĆ³ finalmente que Ć©sta no es una prueba confiable para el tamizaje de niƱos preescolares
y escolares con pƩrdida auditiva.
Hearing evaluation in children at early stages has been a constant concern in preschool and school level because hearing loss may be associated with a language delay producing learning difficulties. The National Council of Student Assistant and Scholarships (JUNAEB) provides at hearing level, support for preschool and school children, researched through survey for parents, tutor and teachers who collects history that may indicate the presence of a hearing loss. That is why the concern to know the real performance of the survey in relation to children who were not researched those that were screened without presenting any hearing impairment. To evaluate the survey, were performed by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) to whole enrolment of preschool, kindergarten and first basic from five establishments belonging to a community in the metropolitan region, evaluated 399 children who were equivalent to 95% of a population of 419 children. The analysis of the data was performed on the basis of 229 children who were evaluated with DPOAE and discarded 170 children by having earwax, microtia and inappropriate behavior during the assessment, the data were compared through formulas and graphics used to evaluate a diagnostic test based on the true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives of the survey for parents, tutor and teachers, which yielded finally that this is not a reliable screening to the selection of preschool and school children with hearing loss.
Hearing evaluation in children at early stages has been a constant concern in preschool and school level because hearing loss may be associated with a language delay producing learning difficulties. The National Council of Student Assistant and Scholarships (JUNAEB) provides at hearing level, support for preschool and school children, researched through survey for parents, tutor and teachers who collects history that may indicate the presence of a hearing loss. That is why the concern to know the real performance of the survey in relation to children who were not researched those that were screened without presenting any hearing impairment. To evaluate the survey, were performed by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) to whole enrolment of preschool, kindergarten and first basic from five establishments belonging to a community in the metropolitan region, evaluated 399 children who were equivalent to 95% of a population of 419 children. The analysis of the data was performed on the basis of 229 children who were evaluated with DPOAE and discarded 170 children by having earwax, microtia and inappropriate behavior during the assessment, the data were compared through formulas and graphics used to evaluate a diagnostic test based on the true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives of the survey for parents, tutor and teachers, which yielded finally that this is not a reliable screening to the selection of preschool and school children with hearing loss.
Notas
Tesis (MagĆster en AudiologĆa)
Palabras clave
AudiometrĆa NiƱos, Salud Escolar Investigaciones