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Validation of the Chilean perceived physical literacy instrument (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean girls, boys and adolescents between 10 and 18 years old
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Inostroza-Mondaca, Mauricio; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo; García-Hermoso, Antonio; Pardo Tamayo, Carolina; Muñoz-Hinrichsen, Fernando
Introduction: Motor literacy promotes participation and maintenance of adequate levels of physical activity throughout the life cycle, reduces sedentary behavior, and improves health markers and quality of life in children and adolescents (NNA). Therefore, valid and reliable instruments are required to determine motor literacy in NNA). Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the "Chilean Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument" (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean children and adolescents aged 10 to 18. Methodology: A process of cultural adaptation and content validation was developed with three experts using the Delphi methodology, content validation coefficient, and construct validation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with female participants (n=134; 13.8±2.05 years) and male participants (n=146; 14.4±2.17 years). Results: The expert validation presented content validation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.94 (i.e., “good” to “excellent”). The model fit measures presented “satisfactory” values (Root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA=0.07; p<0.001]). The EFA grouped items into one factor, presenting “high” reliability values (α=0.822 and ω=0.829). In items 1 to 5 and the total Ch-PPLI, boys presented higher values than girls (all p<0.05). In items 2 to 5, 7, 9, and the total Ch-PPLI, the active population (physical activity level questionnaire >5 points) presented higher values versus the physically inactive population (all p<0.05).Discussion: Compare the research results with other findings from the literature. Conclusions: The Ch-PPLI showed validity and reliability in Chilean children from 10 to 18 years old. The Ch-PPLI identified differences in motor literacy between men and women and between physically active and inactive individuals. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-08) Lara, Lucia A; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Figueiredo, Jaqueline BP; Rosa-e-Silva, Ana Carolina JS; Ferriani, Rui A.; Martins, Wellington P.; Fuentealba-Torres, Miguel
Background: The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms, including sexual complaints. This review is an update of a review first published in 2013. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of hormone therapy on sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Search methods: On 19 December 2022 we searched the Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, two trials registries, and OpenGrey, together with reference checking and contact with experts in the field for any additional studies. Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials that compared hormone therapy to either placebo or no intervention (control) using any validated assessment tool to evaluate sexual function. We considered hormone therapy: estrogen alone; estrogen in combination with progestogens; synthetic steroids, for example, tibolone; selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), for example, raloxifene, bazedoxifene; and SERMs in combination with estrogen. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. We analyzed data using mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs). The primary outcome was the sexual function score. Secondary outcomes were the domains of sexual response: desire; arousal; lubrication; orgasm; satisfaction; and pain. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Main results: We included 36 studies (23,299 women; 12,225 intervention group; 11,074 control group), of which 35 evaluated postmenopausal women; only one study evaluated perimenopausal women. The 'symptomatic or early postmenopausal women' subgroup included 10 studies, which included women experiencing menopausal symptoms (symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal atrophy, and dyspareunia) or early postmenopausal women (within five years after menopause). The 'unselected postmenopausal women’ subgroup included 26 studies, which included women regardless of menopausal symptoms and women whose last menstrual period was more than five years earlier. No study included only women with sexual dysfunction and only seven studies evaluated sexual function as a primary outcome. We deemed 20 studies at high risk of bias, two studies at low risk, and the other 14 studies at unclear risk of bias. Nineteen studies received commercial funding. Estrogen alone versus control probably slightly improves the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04 to 0.96; I² = 88%; 3 studies, 699 women; moderate-quality evidence), and probably makes little or no difference to the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 0.64, 95% CI −0.12 to 1.41; I² = 94%; 6 studies, 608 women; moderate-quality evidence). The pooled result suggests that estrogen alone versus placebo or no intervention probably slightly improves sexual function composite score (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.04; I² = 92%; 9 studies, 1307 women, moderate-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of estrogen combined with progestogens versus placebo or no intervention on the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women (MD 0.08 95% CI −1.52 to 1.68; 1 study, 104 women; very low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of synthetic steroids versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 1.32, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.47; 1 study, 883 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.85; 1 study, 105 women; very low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of SERMs versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (MD −1.00, 95% CI −2.00 to -0.00; 1 study, 215 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (MD 2.24, 95% 1.37 to 3.11 2 studies, 1525 women, I² = 1%, low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of SERMs combined with estrogen versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.43; 1 study, 542 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 2.79, 95% CI 2.41 to 3.18; 1 study, 272 women; very low-quality evidence). The observed heterogeneity in many analyses may be caused by variations in the interventions and doses used, and by different tools used for assessment. Authors' conclusions: Hormone therapy treatment with estrogen alone probably slightly improves the sexual function composite score in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause (within five years of amenorrhoea), and in unselected postmenopausal women, especially in the lubrication, pain, and satisfaction domains. We are uncertain whether estrogen combined with progestogens improves the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women. Evidence regarding other hormone therapies (synthetic steroids and SERMs) is of very low quality and we are uncertain of their effect on sexual function. The current evidence does not suggest the beneficial effects of synthetic steroids (for example tibolone) or SERMs alone or combined with estrogen on sexual function. More studies that evaluate the effect of estrogen combined with progestogens, synthetic steroids, SERMs, and SERMs combined with estrogen would improve the quality of the evidence for the effect of these treatments on sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2023 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development and validation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia)
(Cambridge University Press, 2023-08) Bhatt, Jem; Brohan, Elaine; Blasco, Drew; Oliveira, Déborah; Bakolis, Ioannis; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; D'Amico, Francesco; Farina, Nicolas; Knapp, Martin; Stevens, Madeleine; Thornicroft, Graham; Wilson, Emma; Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Yang, Lawrence H.; Evans-Lacko, Sara
Background The recent World Health Organization (WHO) blueprint for dementia research and Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health has identified a gap around dementia-related measures of stigma and discrimination that can be used in different cultural, language and regional contexts. Aims We aimed to characterise experiences of discrimination, and report initial psychometric properties of a new tool to capture these experiences, among a global sample of people living with dementia. Method We analysed data from 704 people living with dementia who took part in a global survey from 33 different countries and territories. Psychometric properties were examined, including internal consistency and construct validity. Results A total of 83% of participants reported discrimination in one or more areas of life, and this was similar across WHO Regions. The exploratory factor analysis factor loadings and scree plot supported a unidimensional structure for the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia). The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with most of the construct validity hypotheses being confirmed and qualitative responses demonstrating face validity. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that the DISCUS-Dementia performs well with a global sample of people living with dementia. This scale can be integrated into large-scale studies to understand factors associated with stigma and discrimination. It can also provide an opportunity for a structured discussion around stigma and discrimination experiences important to people living with dementia, as well as planning psychosocial services and initiatives to reduce stigma and discrimination. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Methodological strategies for the generation of conceptual models in nursing
(Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, Volume 31 January 2023 Article number 315, 2023) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flerida; Villa-Velasquez, Jenifer; Ardiles-Irarrazabal, Rodrigo; Febre, Naldy; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra
Introduction: among the elements that make up the disciplinary knowledge of nursing are the conceptual models, which guide the work, so it is necessary to know the methodological strategies used for their construction. Objective: to analyze in the available state of the art the methodological strategies used for the generation of conceptual models in nursing. Methods: an integrative review was carried out according to the “Integra” methodology, consulting the WoS, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Dialnet databases, which were complemented with a manual search. After applying filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 27 manuscripts. Results: the identified manuscripts fluctuated between 1968 and 2021, distinguishing a predominance in the inductive approach, the authors used elements that represent a specific reality for the construction of conceptual models of nursing, through empirical evidence through ethnographies, narrative studies, grounded theory and action research, practice experiences, observations, interviews, reflection, literature review and consensus of the researchers. Conclusions: three methodological approaches were identified for the generation of conceptual models in nursing, the inductive, deductive, and finally the mixed approach, the latter triangulating the first two, being able to enhance the strengths of each approach and diminishing its weaknesses. © 2023, Publicacion de la Asociacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. All rights reserved
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Factors associated with early readmission to Intensive Care Units. A systematic review
(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 0025) Badilla-Morales V.; Sousa R.M.C; Nasabun-Flores V.; González-Nahuelquin C. d
Introduction: Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) determines worse outcomes such as higher mortality, increased hospital and ICU stay, as well as higher economic costs. When deciding which patient is suitable for transfer from the ICU, factors associated with readmission must be considered to avoid it. Knowledge of these factors helps professionals identify those patients with a higher probability of readmission, prioritizing their care, establishing and preparing interventions that seek to reduce the risk of readmission. Objective: Determine factors associated with early readmission in patients transferred from the ICU to general hospitalization wards of the same hospital. Method: Studies were retrieved from databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS identifying original studies on adult patients readmitted early to the ICU during the same hospitalization, in any language and without time limit. Studies of patient readmission after seven days, review articles, editorials, protocols, clinical guidelines, qualitative studies and opinion surveys were excluded. Results: Of 755 files found, 28 articles made up the review. The most analyzed factors were age, sex, severity of the disease, comorbidity, length of stay in the ICU, mechanical ventilation and nocturnal discharge. Those most frequently associated with readmission were age, severity of illness, comorbidity, and length of ICU stay. NEWS, MEWS, and SWIFT scores were also factors associated with readmission. Conclusion: More research is needed to identify those modifiable factors that can decrease readmission rates. Using readmission prediction instruments at the time of discharge could support the decision of which patient is most prepared for it. © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC)
Ethical aspects in the assent of adolescents to participate in research
(Andes Pediatrica, Volume 94, Issue 1, Pages 104 - 111January-February 2023, 2023) Jiménez, Daniella Constanza Cancino; Jiménez, Jorge Iván Cancino
Objective: to describe the ethical aspects to be considered in the consent of adolescents to participate in research. Material and Method: A narrative review was conducted in the scientific databases PUBMED and BVS, between 2010-2021, the search was conducted in English, and MeSH and DeCS descriptors were used, obtaining a total sample of 12 articles selected for analysis. Results: Age was commonly used instead of directly assessing the ability to understand the issues and make an informed decision about participating in research. This ability is influenced by age, context, and develo-pment. Adolescent decision-making is substantially different in the presence of peers. A balance is needed between recognizing the emerging autonomy in adolescents, their differential developmental rhythms, and their not yet fully mature response to personal risk. Conclusions: It is necessary to ge-nerate responses and strategies that safeguard both safety and respect for adolescents, focusing on the characteristics of both the age group and the individual, unifying valid mechanisms for determining the capacity to consent, integrating criteria from the sciences regarding cognition, maturation and development, psychology and ethics. © 2023, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12) dos Santos, Danielle Talita; Arroyo, Luiz Henrique; Alves, Yan Mathias; Alves, Luana Seles; Berra, Thais Zamboni; Crispim, Juliane de Almeida; Alves, Josilene Dália; Ramos, Denisse Andrea Cartagena; Alonso, Jonas Bodini; de Assis, Ivaneliza Simionato; Ramos, Antônio Vieira; Dessunti, Elma Mathias; Carvalho Pinto, Ione; Palha, Pedro Fredemir; Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre; Nunes, Carla
Background: A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion: Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health. © 2021, The Author(s).
¿Inteligencia emocional rasgo como factor amortiguador ante el agotamiento académico post-confinamiento pandémico?
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Ardiles-Irarrázabal, Rodrigo-Alejandro; Pérez-Díaz, Pablo; Pérez-González, Juan-Carlos; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Mercado, Paula Gatica
Introducción: los estudiantes de enfermería son una población vulnerable a problemas de salud mental, especialmente, el síndrome de burnout. La inteligencia emocional rasgo aparece como factor protector ante estos riesgos. No se han descrito los efectos psicoemocionales del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento por COVID-19. Objetivo: describir la relación de la Inteligencia Emocional rasgo con el burnout académico en estudiantes de Enfermería luego del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento en una universidad chilena. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo-correlacional, transversal, no experimental, no probabilístico. Se aplicaron 213 encuestas para medir la inteligencia emocional rasgo y el burnout académico en el post-confinamiento. Se reportaron diferencias de medias por medio del análisis post-hoc con estadístico de Games Howell, y las correlaciones se realizaron con el coeficiente de Rho Spearman.Resultados: se presentó un alto percentil en inteligencia emocional rasgo (58 %) de la muestra, y una prevalencia leve de burnout académico (92,1 %). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0,000) entre varios factores. El factor Bienestar se presentó negativamente con dos dimensiones del burnout; mientras que el factor Emocionalidad se mostró como riesgo para el aumento del agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, pero asociado positivamente con realización personal. Conclusiones: existe relación entre variables, dos factores de la inteligencia emocional rasgo se asociaron con burnout. Universidades y académicos deben actuar como promotores de inteligencia emocional en pos de reducir el burnout. Se requiere más investigación y cautela a la hora de concluir automáticamente que mayores niveles de inteligencia emocional son siempre mejores ante cualquier circunstancia. Palabras clave: Inteligencia Emocional; Agotamiento Psicológico; Estudiantes de Enfermería; COVID-19.
Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0023-09) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. © 2023 by the authors.
Challenging Barriers: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) Clinical Practice Guidelines and Organizational Change
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Rojas-Avila, Javier; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska Lídice
Introduction: over the past four decades, hospitals have faced transformations in funding and management to address growing healthcare demands. The implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) clinical guidelines and the Best Practice Spotlight Organisations (BPSO®) programme, is crucial to improve the quality of care. The collaboration between the RNAO and the Ministry of Health (MINSAL) in Chile highlights the importance of innovation and excellence in healthcare. Aim: describe the relevance of RNAO guidelines, barriers to their implementation and the role of nursing through a narrative review of the literature. Development: implementation of BPSO® has demonstrated substantial improvements, including significant increases in patient risk identification and management. However, implementation of the RNAO Good Practice Guidelines (GBP) faces challenges, such as political, organisational and professional barriers. Implementation science is crucial to address these by designing strategies that drive evidence-based quality of care. Conclusion: in summary, the implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the RNAO GBP, represents an organisational change supported by programmes such as BPSO® that have improved care. It is essential to identify barriers, especially in nursing, in order to overcome obstacles and ensure the active participation of professionals in the continuous improvement of the quality of health care. © 2024; Los autores.
Consideraciones claves en el proceso de asentimiento en niños, niñas y adolescentes: revisión integrativa
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2024) Vega Vega, Paula; Castillo, Claudia Miranda; Celis, Ivonne Vargas
La incorporación de niñas, niños y adolescentes en investigación requiere de medidas bioéticas para salvaguardar su autonomía y bienestar, a través de la aplicación del proceso de asentimiento informado. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente los factores involucrados en el proceso de asentimiento/consentimiento en niños(as) y adolescentes en la investigación. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de evidencia científica realizada entre abril a junio del 2023, de manuscritos publicados entre los años 2014 y 2023 en bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, CUIDEN y CINAHL, usando los descriptores Process Assessment OR Assent AND Informed Consent AND Bioethics AND Minors OR Child OR Children AND Adolescent OR Teenage AND Pediatrics AND Research. Se encontraron 20 artículos primarios, cuyos resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías: Consentimiento/asentimiento compartido; Factores propios del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento (edad del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento y autonomía del niño, niña y adolescente para dar el asentimiento) y Aspectos claves del proceso de asentimiento (Formato del formulario del asentimiento, Contenido de formulario de asentimiento y Contexto para aplicar el proceso de asentimiento). Conclusiones: El proceso de asentimiento es una herramienta clave para el cumplimiento legal y ético de los derechos de niños y adolescentes en la participación de estudios clínicos. Además de favorecer la participación en la toma de decisiones informada en conjunto con los padres, también, es una instancia donde se valoran sus competencias, capacidad de comprensión y autonomía del participante.
Treatment outcomes of the e-Health in the elderly: A systematic review
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Martínez, Elizabeth; Rivera, Fernanda; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Díaz, Felipe; León, María Elisa; Febré, Naldy; Arcêncio, Ricardo; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse
Introduction: E-Health, is a relevant service provision since the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, when it became a patient care alternative, however, few studies have evidenced the treatment outcomes of this tool in elderly people. Objectives: to analyze the treatment outcomes of telemedicine in the elderly. Methods: a systematic review was carried out according to six stages. The PubMed, CINAHL and Science Direct databases were used. Experimental studies between 2017 and 2022 were included. All references were exported to the EndNote manager. The methodological quality was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tools (MMAT) checklist. The deductive thematic analysis of the data was based on the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST). Results: out of a total of 2 628 articles identified and 10 included. Of the total number of studies analyzed, two of them used a digital platform, two by telephone follow-up, four mixed telemedicine interventions and two by tele-rehabilitation. According to the evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies, five of them met all the criteria and five studies met more than 80 % of the criteria. Conclusions: mixed e-Health tools improve treatment outcomes in the psychosocial perspective in the older adult. Future studies should delve into other aspects of the impact of treatment outcomes of other digital tools used in health for this age group, such as somatic, physical, and cultural aspects. © 2023; Los autores.
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries and factors affecting their development: multicentre study
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Febré-Vergara, Naldy; Mondaca-Gómez, Katherine; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Méndez-Celis, Paula; Muñoz-Cáceres, Viviana; Chepo-Chepo, Macarena
Introduction: hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) represent a significant public health challenge. Understanding their main characteristics and related factors is essential for effective prevention. This article aims to analyse the main characteristics of HAPUs in four high-complexity hospital centres in Chile. Methods: secondary, analytical observational study. The sample (n=1000) included paediatric and adult patients. The study variables were the presence of HAPU, age, sex, dermatitis, risk of HAPU, change of position, pressure relief surface, immobilisation and speed of onset. Measurement of variables included physical examination and chart review. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were performed, accepting 95%CI, p<0,05. Results: a crude prevalence of 18,7 % was estimated. Most patients with HAPU were male (56,1 %), aged 18-59 years (39,6 %) and 60-80 years (39,0 %). On average, ten days elapsed from patient admission to the development of HAPU The most common stage was stage I (50 %), and the sacral region was the most frequent site of occurrence (30,1 %). The factor with the strongest association with having HAPU was having a high ulceration risk classification (OR 2,6, 95%CI1,5-4,4). Conclusions: this is the first study in Chile that showed the characterization of HAPU in a relevant sample of hospitalized patients. The relevant representative aspects for monitoring and preventing HAPU as its prevalence, location and factors associated with its appearance. © 2024; Los autores.
Ethical considerations in the development of research on sexual and gender minorities: An integrative review
(Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, 2023-08) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Santana-Soler, Yocelin
Introducción. Las minorías sexuales y de género tienen una historia de larga data de discriminación y abuso dentro de la investigación, tales como castración involuntaria, inyecciones hormonales, terapias conductuales, tratamientos de choque e institucionalización, revelando la necesidad de conocer los resguardos éticos que se deben considerar. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las consideraciones éticas involucradas en el desarrollo de investigación en minorías sexuales y de género. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; se revisaron 258 artículos en extenso, seleccionando 14 de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en español e inglés publicados desde el 2017 hasta junio del 2022, que declaren aspectos éticos en la investigación con minorías sexuales y de género. Los criterios de exclusión correspondieron a cartas al director, editoriales, capítulos de libros, tesis, conferencias y ensayos. Resultados. Las consideraciones fueron agrupadas en preparación de la investigación y aprobación del comité de ética; recogida de datos; análisis y presentación de los resultados; consideraciones en autores y académicos transgéneros. Discusión. La comunidad científica coincide en la necesidad de considerar la vulnerabilidad de la población de las lesbianas, homosexuales, bisexuales, transgéneros, queer y personas con otras identidades y orientaciones de género, tributando a estudios que contemplen sus singularidades. Conclusión. Se reitera la importancia de considerar a la población de minorías sexuales y de género, la utilización de muestras representativas, el resguardo del anonimato y el empleo de un lenguaje inclusivo. Palabras clave: Minorías Sexuales y de Género; Ética; Investigación; Investigación en Enfermería; Poblaciones vulnerables
Explanatory Model of Self-Efficacy for Cervical Cancer Screening
(IMR Press Limited, 2024-01) Corrales, Angela-Cristina Yanez; Urrutia, Maria-Teresa; Padilla, Oslando
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) screening is a public health concern, and social conditions partially explain the individual’s ability to respond to the preventive aspect of the disease. This study aims to design an explanatory model of self-efficacy (SE) for CC screening. Methods: This study was conducted on 969 women aged 25–64 years who used the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to generate the explanatory model for global SE index and for each of their components as function of sociodemographic factors, factors related to interaction with the health system, risk factors for CC, family functioning, and the knowledge and beliefs of women regarding the disease and its prevention. Results: The factors that explain high levels of SE are low levels of education and knowledge of the risk factors of CC, better beliefs about the barriers to and benefits of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, participation in breast cancer screening, and highly functional family Apgar. Conclusions: To administer as many CC screening as possible, achieve effective interventions, and reach optimal coverage rates, it is necessary to consider social determinants, collaborate with other cancer screening programs, and work toward the beliefs of the population.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of dementia interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic mapping of 340 randomised controlled trials
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-07) Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Shi, Cheng; Patel, Disha; McDaid, David; Astudillo-García, Claudia Iveth; Bobrow, Kirsten; Choy, Jacky; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; Fry, Andra; Knapp, Martin; Leung, Dara Kiu Yi; Lopez-Ortega, Mariana; Lorenz-Dant, Klara; Musyimi, Christine; Ndetei, David; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Oliveira, Deborah; Putra, Aditya; Vara, Alisha; Wong, Gloria; Naci, Huseyin
Objectives: More people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries, but best-practice care recommendations are often based on studies from high-income countries. We aimed to map the available evidence on dementia interventions in LMICs. Methods: We systematically mapped available evidence on interventions that aimed to improve the lives of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or their carers in LMICs (registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018106206). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2018. We searched 11 electronic academic and grey literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit) and examined the number and characteristics of RCTs according to intervention type. We used the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias. Results: We included 340 RCTs with 29,882 (median, 68) participants, published 2008–2018. Over two-thirds of the studies were conducted in China (n = 237, 69.7%). Ten LMICs accounted for 95.9% of included RCTs. The largest category of interventions was Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 149, 43.8%), followed by Western medicine pharmaceuticals (n = 109, 32.1%), supplements (n = 43, 12.6%), and structured therapeutic psychosocial interventions (n = 37, 10.9%). Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for 201 RCTs (59.1%), moderate for 136 (40.0%), and low for 3 (0.9%). Conclusions: Evidence-generation on interventions for people with dementia or MCI and/or their carers in LMICs is concentrated in just a few countries, with no RCTs reported in the vast majority of LMICs. The body of evidence is skewed towards selected interventions and overall subject to high risk of bias. There is a need for a more coordinated approach to robust evidence-generation for LMICs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Adaptation, testing, and use of the “iSupport for Dementia” program in different countries: a systematic review
(Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2024-05) Corrêa, Larissa; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; Oliveira, Déborah c; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; da Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Monteiro, Diana Quirino; Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo; Pilegis, Anabel Machado Cardoso Alvarenga; da Rocha, Luana Aparecida a; de Souza Alves, Ludmyla Caroline; Maciel, Luiza Barros; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
The World Health Organization developed the “iSupport for Dementia” program for family caregivers of people with dementia. Objective: To explore studies on adaptation, randomized clinical trial protocols, and preliminary results of iSupport by unpaid caregivers of people living with dementia in different countries. Methods: Systematic review. Results: Ten cultural adaptation studies, eight randomized clinical trial protocols, and two preliminary results were included. Adaptation studies showed adjustments in terminology, design, and additional resources. Clinical trial protocols included burden as the primary outcome, and baseline, three months of intervention, and follow-up after six months. Studies with preliminary results found positive effects on the mental health and well-being of caregivers after using the program. Conclusion: iSupport is an online program of the World Health Organization in response to dementia in implementation in different countries.

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