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¿Inteligencia emocional rasgo como factor amortiguador ante el agotamiento académico post-confinamiento pandémico?
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Ardiles-Irarrázabal, Rodrigo-Alejandro; Pérez-Díaz, Pablo; Pérez-González, Juan-Carlos; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Mercado, Paula Gatica
Introducción: los estudiantes de enfermería son una población vulnerable a problemas de salud mental, especialmente, el síndrome de burnout. La inteligencia emocional rasgo aparece como factor protector ante estos riesgos. No se han descrito los efectos psicoemocionales del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento por COVID-19. Objetivo: describir la relación de la Inteligencia Emocional rasgo con el burnout académico en estudiantes de Enfermería luego del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento en una universidad chilena. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo-correlacional, transversal, no experimental, no probabilístico. Se aplicaron 213 encuestas para medir la inteligencia emocional rasgo y el burnout académico en el post-confinamiento. Se reportaron diferencias de medias por medio del análisis post-hoc con estadístico de Games Howell, y las correlaciones se realizaron con el coeficiente de Rho Spearman.Resultados: se presentó un alto percentil en inteligencia emocional rasgo (58 %) de la muestra, y una prevalencia leve de burnout académico (92,1 %). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0,000) entre varios factores. El factor Bienestar se presentó negativamente con dos dimensiones del burnout; mientras que el factor Emocionalidad se mostró como riesgo para el aumento del agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, pero asociado positivamente con realización personal. Conclusiones: existe relación entre variables, dos factores de la inteligencia emocional rasgo se asociaron con burnout. Universidades y académicos deben actuar como promotores de inteligencia emocional en pos de reducir el burnout. Se requiere más investigación y cautela a la hora de concluir automáticamente que mayores niveles de inteligencia emocional son siempre mejores ante cualquier circunstancia. Palabras clave: Inteligencia Emocional; Agotamiento Psicológico; Estudiantes de Enfermería; COVID-19.
Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0023-09) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. © 2023 by the authors.
Challenging Barriers: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) Clinical Practice Guidelines and Organizational Change
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Rojas-Avila, Javier; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska Lídice
Introduction: over the past four decades, hospitals have faced transformations in funding and management to address growing healthcare demands. The implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) clinical guidelines and the Best Practice Spotlight Organisations (BPSO®) programme, is crucial to improve the quality of care. The collaboration between the RNAO and the Ministry of Health (MINSAL) in Chile highlights the importance of innovation and excellence in healthcare. Aim: describe the relevance of RNAO guidelines, barriers to their implementation and the role of nursing through a narrative review of the literature. Development: implementation of BPSO® has demonstrated substantial improvements, including significant increases in patient risk identification and management. However, implementation of the RNAO Good Practice Guidelines (GBP) faces challenges, such as political, organisational and professional barriers. Implementation science is crucial to address these by designing strategies that drive evidence-based quality of care. Conclusion: in summary, the implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the RNAO GBP, represents an organisational change supported by programmes such as BPSO® that have improved care. It is essential to identify barriers, especially in nursing, in order to overcome obstacles and ensure the active participation of professionals in the continuous improvement of the quality of health care. © 2024; Los autores.
Consideraciones claves en el proceso de asentimiento en niños, niñas y adolescentes: revisión integrativa
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2024) Vega Vega, Paula; Castillo, Claudia Miranda; Celis, Ivonne Vargas
La incorporación de niñas, niños y adolescentes en investigación requiere de medidas bioéticas para salvaguardar su autonomía y bienestar, a través de la aplicación del proceso de asentimiento informado. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente los factores involucrados en el proceso de asentimiento/consentimiento en niños(as) y adolescentes en la investigación. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de evidencia científica realizada entre abril a junio del 2023, de manuscritos publicados entre los años 2014 y 2023 en bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, CUIDEN y CINAHL, usando los descriptores Process Assessment OR Assent AND Informed Consent AND Bioethics AND Minors OR Child OR Children AND Adolescent OR Teenage AND Pediatrics AND Research. Se encontraron 20 artículos primarios, cuyos resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías: Consentimiento/asentimiento compartido; Factores propios del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento (edad del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento y autonomía del niño, niña y adolescente para dar el asentimiento) y Aspectos claves del proceso de asentimiento (Formato del formulario del asentimiento, Contenido de formulario de asentimiento y Contexto para aplicar el proceso de asentimiento). Conclusiones: El proceso de asentimiento es una herramienta clave para el cumplimiento legal y ético de los derechos de niños y adolescentes en la participación de estudios clínicos. Además de favorecer la participación en la toma de decisiones informada en conjunto con los padres, también, es una instancia donde se valoran sus competencias, capacidad de comprensión y autonomía del participante.
Treatment outcomes of the e-Health in the elderly: A systematic review
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Martínez, Elizabeth; Rivera, Fernanda; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Díaz, Felipe; León, María Elisa; Febré, Naldy; Arcêncio, Ricardo; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse
Introduction: E-Health, is a relevant service provision since the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, when it became a patient care alternative, however, few studies have evidenced the treatment outcomes of this tool in elderly people. Objectives: to analyze the treatment outcomes of telemedicine in the elderly. Methods: a systematic review was carried out according to six stages. The PubMed, CINAHL and Science Direct databases were used. Experimental studies between 2017 and 2022 were included. All references were exported to the EndNote manager. The methodological quality was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tools (MMAT) checklist. The deductive thematic analysis of the data was based on the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST). Results: out of a total of 2 628 articles identified and 10 included. Of the total number of studies analyzed, two of them used a digital platform, two by telephone follow-up, four mixed telemedicine interventions and two by tele-rehabilitation. According to the evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies, five of them met all the criteria and five studies met more than 80 % of the criteria. Conclusions: mixed e-Health tools improve treatment outcomes in the psychosocial perspective in the older adult. Future studies should delve into other aspects of the impact of treatment outcomes of other digital tools used in health for this age group, such as somatic, physical, and cultural aspects. © 2023; Los autores.
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries and factors affecting their development: multicentre study
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Febré-Vergara, Naldy; Mondaca-Gómez, Katherine; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Méndez-Celis, Paula; Muñoz-Cáceres, Viviana; Chepo-Chepo, Macarena
Introduction: hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) represent a significant public health challenge. Understanding their main characteristics and related factors is essential for effective prevention. This article aims to analyse the main characteristics of HAPUs in four high-complexity hospital centres in Chile. Methods: secondary, analytical observational study. The sample (n=1000) included paediatric and adult patients. The study variables were the presence of HAPU, age, sex, dermatitis, risk of HAPU, change of position, pressure relief surface, immobilisation and speed of onset. Measurement of variables included physical examination and chart review. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were performed, accepting 95%CI, p<0,05. Results: a crude prevalence of 18,7 % was estimated. Most patients with HAPU were male (56,1 %), aged 18-59 years (39,6 %) and 60-80 years (39,0 %). On average, ten days elapsed from patient admission to the development of HAPU The most common stage was stage I (50 %), and the sacral region was the most frequent site of occurrence (30,1 %). The factor with the strongest association with having HAPU was having a high ulceration risk classification (OR 2,6, 95%CI1,5-4,4). Conclusions: this is the first study in Chile that showed the characterization of HAPU in a relevant sample of hospitalized patients. The relevant representative aspects for monitoring and preventing HAPU as its prevalence, location and factors associated with its appearance. © 2024; Los autores.
Ethical considerations in the development of research on sexual and gender minorities: An integrative review
(Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, 2023-08) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Santana-Soler, Yocelin
Introducción. Las minorías sexuales y de género tienen una historia de larga data de discriminación y abuso dentro de la investigación, tales como castración involuntaria, inyecciones hormonales, terapias conductuales, tratamientos de choque e institucionalización, revelando la necesidad de conocer los resguardos éticos que se deben considerar. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las consideraciones éticas involucradas en el desarrollo de investigación en minorías sexuales y de género. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; se revisaron 258 artículos en extenso, seleccionando 14 de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en español e inglés publicados desde el 2017 hasta junio del 2022, que declaren aspectos éticos en la investigación con minorías sexuales y de género. Los criterios de exclusión correspondieron a cartas al director, editoriales, capítulos de libros, tesis, conferencias y ensayos. Resultados. Las consideraciones fueron agrupadas en preparación de la investigación y aprobación del comité de ética; recogida de datos; análisis y presentación de los resultados; consideraciones en autores y académicos transgéneros. Discusión. La comunidad científica coincide en la necesidad de considerar la vulnerabilidad de la población de las lesbianas, homosexuales, bisexuales, transgéneros, queer y personas con otras identidades y orientaciones de género, tributando a estudios que contemplen sus singularidades. Conclusión. Se reitera la importancia de considerar a la población de minorías sexuales y de género, la utilización de muestras representativas, el resguardo del anonimato y el empleo de un lenguaje inclusivo. Palabras clave: Minorías Sexuales y de Género; Ética; Investigación; Investigación en Enfermería; Poblaciones vulnerables
Explanatory Model of Self-Efficacy for Cervical Cancer Screening
(IMR Press Limited, 2024-01) Corrales, Angela-Cristina Yanez; Urrutia, Maria-Teresa; Padilla, Oslando
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) screening is a public health concern, and social conditions partially explain the individual’s ability to respond to the preventive aspect of the disease. This study aims to design an explanatory model of self-efficacy (SE) for CC screening. Methods: This study was conducted on 969 women aged 25–64 years who used the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to generate the explanatory model for global SE index and for each of their components as function of sociodemographic factors, factors related to interaction with the health system, risk factors for CC, family functioning, and the knowledge and beliefs of women regarding the disease and its prevention. Results: The factors that explain high levels of SE are low levels of education and knowledge of the risk factors of CC, better beliefs about the barriers to and benefits of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, participation in breast cancer screening, and highly functional family Apgar. Conclusions: To administer as many CC screening as possible, achieve effective interventions, and reach optimal coverage rates, it is necessary to consider social determinants, collaborate with other cancer screening programs, and work toward the beliefs of the population.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of dementia interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic mapping of 340 randomised controlled trials
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-07) Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Shi, Cheng; Patel, Disha; McDaid, David; Astudillo-García, Claudia Iveth; Bobrow, Kirsten; Choy, Jacky; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; Fry, Andra; Knapp, Martin; Leung, Dara Kiu Yi; Lopez-Ortega, Mariana; Lorenz-Dant, Klara; Musyimi, Christine; Ndetei, David; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Oliveira, Deborah; Putra, Aditya; Vara, Alisha; Wong, Gloria; Naci, Huseyin
Objectives: More people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries, but best-practice care recommendations are often based on studies from high-income countries. We aimed to map the available evidence on dementia interventions in LMICs. Methods: We systematically mapped available evidence on interventions that aimed to improve the lives of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or their carers in LMICs (registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018106206). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2018. We searched 11 electronic academic and grey literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit) and examined the number and characteristics of RCTs according to intervention type. We used the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias. Results: We included 340 RCTs with 29,882 (median, 68) participants, published 2008–2018. Over two-thirds of the studies were conducted in China (n = 237, 69.7%). Ten LMICs accounted for 95.9% of included RCTs. The largest category of interventions was Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 149, 43.8%), followed by Western medicine pharmaceuticals (n = 109, 32.1%), supplements (n = 43, 12.6%), and structured therapeutic psychosocial interventions (n = 37, 10.9%). Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for 201 RCTs (59.1%), moderate for 136 (40.0%), and low for 3 (0.9%). Conclusions: Evidence-generation on interventions for people with dementia or MCI and/or their carers in LMICs is concentrated in just a few countries, with no RCTs reported in the vast majority of LMICs. The body of evidence is skewed towards selected interventions and overall subject to high risk of bias. There is a need for a more coordinated approach to robust evidence-generation for LMICs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Adaptation, testing, and use of the “iSupport for Dementia” program in different countries: a systematic review
(Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2024-05) Corrêa, Larissa; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; Oliveira, Déborah c; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; da Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Monteiro, Diana Quirino; Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo; Pilegis, Anabel Machado Cardoso Alvarenga; da Rocha, Luana Aparecida a; de Souza Alves, Ludmyla Caroline; Maciel, Luiza Barros; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
The World Health Organization developed the “iSupport for Dementia” program for family caregivers of people with dementia. Objective: To explore studies on adaptation, randomized clinical trial protocols, and preliminary results of iSupport by unpaid caregivers of people living with dementia in different countries. Methods: Systematic review. Results: Ten cultural adaptation studies, eight randomized clinical trial protocols, and two preliminary results were included. Adaptation studies showed adjustments in terminology, design, and additional resources. Clinical trial protocols included burden as the primary outcome, and baseline, three months of intervention, and follow-up after six months. Studies with preliminary results found positive effects on the mental health and well-being of caregivers after using the program. Conclusion: iSupport is an online program of the World Health Organization in response to dementia in implementation in different countries.
Quality of life and psychosocial risks in primary care workers in an urban area
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2024) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel Andrez; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra Verónica d; Luengo-Martínez, Carolina Elena; Quintana-Zavala, María Olga
Health workers are exposed to a wide variety of risks in their workplaces, including psychosocial risks, which are increasingly taking on special importance, with primary health care being little studied in this area, despite having taken great responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and quality of life in health team workers in Family Health Centers Antofagasta, Chile, in 2021, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a quantitative study, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional type with 78 workers from the Primary Care health team of three Family Health Centers in the city of Antofagasta. The Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud 21 brief version and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version instrument were applied. RESULTS: The presence of a globally high psychosocial risk stands out, being this classified as high risk/level 1. The professional groups with the highest risks were nursing technicians and nurses; regarding quality of life, the dimension with the lowest score was psychological health, with a mean of 73.6. CONCLUSIONS: A negative relationship between psychosocial risks in the workplace and workers' quality of life was evidenced In this hostile scenario, it is imperative that nurses, at a tactical and strategic level, promote workers' health, cultivate healthy work environments, promote labor relations, and exercise more empathetic leadership as care managers.
Validity of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2
(Associacao Medica Brasileira, 2024-05) Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Fuentealba-Torres, Miguel; Arroyo, Luiz Henrique; dos Santos, Daniella Talita; Rebustini, Flávio; Lara, Lúcia Alves Silva; Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira
The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. Results: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald’s of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. Conclusion: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.
Riesgos psicosociales: principales amenazas para los trabajadores sanitarios causadas por la pandemia del COVID-19
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2022) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra
Los riesgos psicosociales circunscriben una relación entre el individuo con el medio donde se desenvuelve, incluyendo desde aspectos físicos y sociales hasta organizacionales del trabajo, que pueden, en función de las capacidades personales, ser potencialmente dañinos para la salud de los trabajadores. Actualmente el mundo entero está siendo testigo de una de las crisis sanitarias más grandes del siglo XXI, debida a un nuevo tipo de virus causante de enfermedades denominado severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo resaltar la importancia de los riesgos psicosociales en el equipo de la salud, desde las evidencias levantadas en contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Se trata de un artículo analítico, cuya pregunta orientadora fue ¿qué fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes en los trabajadores sanitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19? Se incluyeron 29 documentos, procedentes de diferentes fuentes de información que enriquecieron la muestra trabajada. Se analizó la presencia de las fuentes de origen de riesgos psicosociales en la pandemia por COVID-19, según contenido del trabajo, carga y ritmo de trabajo, horario laboral, control, entorno y equipos, estructura y cultura organizativa, relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo, rol en la organización, desarrollo profesional y conciliación vida personal-laboral, y además se expusieron ejemplos de situaciones que dan cuenta de la presencia de estos riesgos. Todas las fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes durante la pandemia, siendo que a la fecha se han descrito algunas de sus lamentables consecuencias nocivas, y por ello se hace un llamado al abordaje de la problemática.
Retinography and Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma by Evaluating Sensitivity and Specificity: A Systematic Review
(Permanyer Publications, 2023-05) Rojas Cavanela, Clyo; López-Alegría, Fanny
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of digital photography with a non-mydriatic retinal camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as screening methods for the early detection of glaucoma. Method: A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, LILACS and SciELO bibliographic databases, using the search strategy: adult AND glaucoma AND “tomography, optical coherence” OR “optical coherence tomography” OR retinography OR “fundus photography” OR “optic disc photographs” AND “early diagnosis” OR “vision screening” AND effectiveness OR “sensitivity and specificity.” Results: Of the 244 records identified, 8 articles were included for the analysis. Of these, 4 of the studies show that OCT has a sensitivity and specificity equal to or greater than 90% for the detection of glaucoma and only 1 study shows values below 90%. All the studies that use retinography as a measurement instrument show sensitivities lower than 80%. Half of these studies show that the sensitivity and specificity of retinography increases with the application of automated learning algorithms and even better, if this instrument is complemented with OCT or computerized perimetry. Conclusion: The high sensitivity and specificity of OCT in the diagnosis of glaucoma is evidenced in comparison with retinography (lower sensitivity). © 2023 Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología.
The need to redefine psychosocial risks at work
(IOS Press BV, 2023) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flerida
In 1984, the joint committee composed of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) defined psychosocial factors at work as “interactions between and among work environment, job content, organizational conditions and workers’ capacities, needs, culture, personal extra-job considerations that may, through perceptions and experience, influence health, work performance and job satisfaction” [1]. Over time, as a result of scientific development in the area, concepts such as ‘psychosocial risk factors’ or ‘psychosocial risks’ have emerged, which are used interchangeably by the scientific community [2], as well as the following concepts: ‘risk factors’, ‘risks’,
Enfermería como la columna vertebral de los sistemas de atención sanitaria
(Universidad del Norte, 2024-01) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida
Enfermería corresponde al grupo ocupacional más numeroso del sector de la salud, representando aproximadamente el 59 % de las profesiones sanitarias, lo que proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud mundial; sin embargo, el panorama para enfermería no está exento de dificultades, pues corresponde a un estamento que no desarrolla su quehacer en am-bientes óptimos, muchas veces tiene que desarrollarse con escaso apoyo de los gobiernos y no tiene el reconocimiento que se merece. Esta reflexión responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de enfermería en los siste-mas de salud, y a su vez, exponer los principales desafíos pendientes para el fortalecimiento de la salud pública. Se han descrito copiosos beneficios asociados a la atención de enfermería, contribuyendo al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, en los que enfermería desempeña un rol protagónico en el proceso; sin embargo, las políticas de los países deben desarrollar estrategias para promover su desarrollo, como lo es la enfermería de práctica avanzada; por otro lado, las enfermeras líderes deben concen-trar los esfuerzos en estimular a los gobiernos y autoridades a trabajar de manera manco-munada en las mejoras de las condiciones laborales de enfermería. Los autores de nuestro tiempo destacan la necesidad de un trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario para el logro de las necesidades de la población
Twitter Analysis of Health Care Workers’ Sentiment and Discourse Regarding Post–COVID-19 Condition in Children and Young People: Mixed Methods Study
(JMIR Publications Inc., 2024-01) Chepo, Macarena; Martin, Sam; Déom, Noémie; Khalid, Ahmad Firas; Vindrola-Padros, Cecilia
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant global impact, with millions of cases and deaths. Research highlights the persistence of symptoms over time (post–COVID-19 condition), a situation of particular concern in children and young people with symptoms. Social media such as Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X) could provide valuable information on the impact of the post–COVID-19 condition on this demographic. Objective: With a social media analysis of the discourse surrounding the prevalence of post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people, we aimed to explore the perceptions of health care workers (HCWs) concerning post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people in the United Kingdom between January 2021 and January 2022. This will allow us to contribute to the emerging knowledge on post–COVID-19 condition and identify critical areas and future directions for researchers and policy makers. Methods: From a pragmatic paradigm, we used a mixed methods approach. Through discourse, keyword, sentiment, and image analyses, using Pulsar and InfraNodus, we analyzed the discourse about the experience of post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people in the United Kingdom shared on Twitter between January 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022, from a sample of HCWs with Twitter accounts whose biography identifies them as HCWs. Results: We obtained 300,000 tweets, out of which (after filtering for relevant tweets) we performed an in-depth qualitative sample analysis of 2588 tweets. The HCWs were responsive to announcements issued by the authorities regarding the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The most frequent sentiment expressed was negative. The main themes were uncertainty about the future, policies and regulations, managing and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people, vaccination, using Twitter to share scientific literature and management strategies, and clinical and personal experiences. Conclusions: The perceptions described on Twitter by HCWs concerning the presence of the post–COVID-19 condition in children and young people appear to be a relevant and timely issue and responsive to the declarations and guidelines issued by health authorities over time. We recommend further support and training strategies for health workers and school staff regarding the manifestations and treatment of children and young people with post–COVID-19 condition.
Depressive symptoms and self-rated health among Brazilian older adults: baseline data from the ELSI-Brazil study
(Associacao Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2024-04) Ito, Natalia T.; Oliveira, Déborah; Rodrigues, Fabricio M. S.; Castro-Costa, Erico; Lima-Costa, Maria F.; Ferri, Cleusa P.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether having a higher number of depressive symptoms is associated with negative self-rated health (SRH) even in the absence of illness. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, using a national sample of 9,412 people aged 50 or over. SRH was dichotomized into poor or very poor and very good or excellent, good, or average. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Sociodemographic variables, information about unhealthy behaviors, and the number of chronic conditions were also analyzed. RESULTS: Having depressive symptoms was strongly associated with poor or very poor SRH both in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The magnitude of the association was reduced when the number of chronic illnesses was included in the multivariate analysis, along with the other sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.31-1.39). CONCLUSION: Having depressive symptoms may contribute towards having a poorer perception of health, even in the absence of health conditions. SRH is a multidimensional construct that can accurately reflect a person's state of general mental health.
Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-09-23) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions.
CALIDAD EN ENFERMERÍA: SU GESTIÓN, IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN
(Clínica Las Condes, 2018-05) Febré, N.; Mondaca-Gómez, K.; Méndez-Celis, P.; Badilla-Morales, V.; Soto-Parada, P.; Ivanovic, P.; Reynaldos, K.; Canales, M.
A nivel mundial, los profesionales de enfermería, representan el grupo ocupacional más grande de la fuerza de trabajo del cuidado para la salud (70% del total) (1) . Entregando el mayor porcentaje de atención en todos los niveles del continuo del cuidado, lo que representa una proporción significativa de los costos operativos de las respectivas instituciones de salud [2], [3]. Se calcula, que representan el 25% o más de los gastos operativos anuales y hasta el 40% de los costos de atención directa [4], [5]. El equipo de enfermería, exhibe el mayor involucramiento en los procesos de asistencia sanitaria, lo que permite que estos profesionales, por su mayor cercanía con los pacientes, tengan un rol relevante en la seguridad de éstos y en la calidad asistencial, pero también, sean agentes claves para reducir los resultados de los eventos adversos (6).La ciencia del cuidar se entiende como: “la aplicación de un juicio profesional en la planificación, organización, motivación y control de la provisión de cuidados, oportunos, continuos, seguros e integrales, en la atención en salud de las personas; que se sustentan en un conocimiento sólido que permite ofrecer, cuidados basados en la evidencia científica y demostrar su capacidad para cambiar de forma favorable el curso de la enfermedad o la mejora de las condiciones de salud de la población” (7). Enfermería entiende que la salud de la población y las desigualdades que ésta posee, se conceptualizan en un modelo de sistemas complejos, con elementos interdependientes en varios niveles dentro de un todo conectado. Esta perspectiva sugiere que los efectos variados sobre la salud, tales como los factores socioeconómicos, culturales, ambientales, sociales, del comportamiento y efectos biológicos, interactúan en la generación de resultados en la salud de la población. Para mejorar estos resultados, el comportamiento de los individuos debe ser reconocido como un elemento esencial y por lo tanto, las intervenciones sin una amplia comprensión de esa complejidad, significarían ignorar una parte clave de la ciencia del cuidar (8). En Chile, la legislación ha definido el rol social de las enfermeras, asignándole entre otras funciones, la “gestión del cuidado” (1997). A partir de la Reforma de la Salud (2004), que establece una nueva Autoridad Sanitaria, esta gestión del cuidado se constituye dentro de la estructura de los Servicios de Salud, en correspondencia con el Reglamento de los Servicios de Salud (2005) y la Norma Administrativa N° 19 (2007). Los que aportan antecedentes que otorgan las bases orgánicas funcionales de las Unidades de Gestión del Cuidado para la atención cerrada (9). Es así, que los profesionales enfermeros en Chile, poseen una responsabilidad legal, ética y social con la gestión del cuidado, lo que los obliga a asumir un compromiso y una responsabilidad basada en asegurar la continuidad y calidad de los cuidados entregados (10). El presente artículo, pretende contribuir a la calidad del cuidado enfermero, desde el punto de vista de su gestión, implementación y medición de resultados.

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