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Dementia and covid-19 in chile, new zealand and germany: A research agenda for cross-country learning for resilience in health care systems
(MDPI, 2021-09) Uribe, Franziska Laporte; Arteaga, Oscar; Bruchhausen, Walter; Cheung, Gary; Cullum, Sarah; Fuentes-García, Alejandra; Castillo, Claudia Miranda; Kerse, Ngaire; Kirk, Ray; Muru-Lanning, Marama; Ríos, Rodrigo Alejandro Salinas; Schrott, Lothar; Slachevsky, Andrea; Roes, Martina
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed existing gaps in policies, systems and services, stressing the need for concerted global action on healthy aging. Similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, dementia is a challenge for health systems on a global scale. Our hypothesis is that translational potential lies in cross-country learning by involving three high-income countries with distinct geopolitical-cultural-social systems in Latin America (Chile), the South Pacific (New Zealand) and Europe (Germany). Our vision is that such cross-country learning will lead to providing adequate, equitable and sustainable care and support for families living with dementia during a pandemic and beyond. We are proposing a vision for research that takes a multi-disciplinary, strength-based approach at the intersection of health care research, disaster research, global health research and dementia research. We present some insights in support of our hypothesis and proposed research agenda. We anticipate that this research has the potential to contribute towards strengthening and transforming health care systems in times of crises and beyond. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Ability to change of direction according body composition and anthropometry in young tennis players
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Luna-Villouta, Pablo Felipe; Matus-Castillo, Carlos; Faúndez-Casanova, César; Flores-Rivera, Carol; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Salazar, Cristian Martínez; Paredes-Arias, Marcelo; Vitoria, Rodrigo Vargas
Tennis players need a remarkable ability to accelerate and change direction, to brake, to hit the ball and to direct their game. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the ability to change direction with anthropometric indicators and body composition in young male tennis players Methodology: Cross-sectional study, with descriptive and correlational characteristics. Height, weight, skinfolds, perimeters were measured. Peak height velocity (APVC), skeletal muscle mass (MME) and body fat percentage (GC) were calculated. In addition, 505 with stationary start test (505) was used. Results: A significant association was found between the change of direction (test 505) and the GC (R2= 29%; p<0.01), in addition, for each increase of GC causes longer execution time of the 505 test (β= 0.04 s). In addition, 505 test showed association with triceps skinfolds (R2=18%; p<0.01) and medial leg (R2=22%; p<0.01). However, the MME, APVC, height and body weight do not show significant relationships with 505 test (p>0.05). Discussion: The results obtained prove that adequate levels of body adiposity can directly benefit movements with sudden changes of direction in young tennis players, which will allow them to move quickly around the court. Conclusions: the ability to change direction shows a better association with GC indicators. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
“It’s my life, it’s my choice and I want to say when” vs “A good death is to be on good terms with God”. Comparing the views of people with dementia in the UK and Brazil about a good death: a cross-cultural qualitative study
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Mikelyte, Rasa; Dening, Karen Harrison; Oliveira, Déborah; Vanelli, Julia Maria; Neves, Adriele Ferreira; Dekker, Natashe Lemos; Roque, Francelise Pivetta; de Oliveira Vidal, Edison Iglesias
Background: It is unclear what People Living with Dementia (PLwD) consider a good death to entail, or how those perspectives vary according to culture and context. We aimed to compare the meaning of a good death for PLwD in Brazil and in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: In this cross-sectional qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 32 PLwD (16 in Brazil and 16 in the UK) using jointly designed, equivalent interview guides. Two teams of interdisciplinary researchers independently analysed transcripts for their country using inductive thematic analysis, followed by jointly developing overarching themes on the contrasts and similarities across both settings. Results: We identified three shared themes: choice and control; spirituality; and fears and wishes. Choice and control permeated all aspects of what a good death meant to PLwD in the UK but was largely absent from Brazilian narratives. The opposite was true for spirituality, which was central to the meaning of a good death in Brazil, while far less prominent in the UK. In both countries, previous experiences with the death of others often shaped wishes and fears towards their own deaths. Conclusion: Our results have potential to expand the awareness and sensitivity of health and social care professionals around different cultural views on what a good death means for PLwD and what helps or hinders achieving it. Additionally, our findings challenge global indices of quality of death that do not take cultural and contextual differences into account. © The Author(s) 2025.
Mind the gap: examining policy and social media discourse on Long COVID in children and young people in the UK
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Chepo, Macarena; Martin, Sam; Déom, Noémie; Khalid, Ahmad Firas; Vindrola-Padros, Cecilia
Background: Long COVID in children and young people (CYP) has posed significant challenges for health systems worldwide. Despite its impact on well-being and development, policies addressing the needs of CYP remain underdeveloped. This study examines UK Long COVID policies using ethical frameworks, integrating policy and social media analyses to explore public and professional concerns. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied. Policy documents were reviewed using Thompson et al.'s pandemic preparedness framework and Campbell and Carnevale’s child-inclusive ethical model. Social media discourse (12,650 posts) was analysed using Brandwatch™ to identify key themes around CYP and Long COVID policies. Data was collected and triangulated through the LISTEN method, which integrates policy analysis with social media discourse to ensure a holistic understanding of systemic gaps and public perceptions. Results: Analysis highlighted gaps in accountability, inclusiveness, and transparency in policy development. Social media data reflected significant public dissatisfaction, primarily critiquing government accountability (90% of posts) and delayed policy responsiveness (29% of posts). Key ethical challenges included limited CYP representation and unequal access to services. Conclusions: Recommendations include improving transparency, incorporating CYP perspectives in policymaking, and ensuring equitable access to care. These findings provide a foundation for ethically sound and inclusive policies addressing Long COVID in CYP. © The Author(s) 2025.
Validation of the Chilean perceived physical literacy instrument (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean girls, boys and adolescents between 10 and 18 years old
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Inostroza-Mondaca, Mauricio; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo; García-Hermoso, Antonio; Pardo Tamayo, Carolina; Muñoz-Hinrichsen, Fernando
Introduction: Motor literacy promotes participation and maintenance of adequate levels of physical activity throughout the life cycle, reduces sedentary behavior, and improves health markers and quality of life in children and adolescents (NNA). Therefore, valid and reliable instruments are required to determine motor literacy in NNA). Objective: To examine the validity and reliability of the "Chilean Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument" (Ch-PPLI) questionnaire in Chilean children and adolescents aged 10 to 18. Methodology: A process of cultural adaptation and content validation was developed with three experts using the Delphi methodology, content validation coefficient, and construct validation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with female participants (n=134; 13.8±2.05 years) and male participants (n=146; 14.4±2.17 years). Results: The expert validation presented content validation coefficients between 0.81 and 0.94 (i.e., “good” to “excellent”). The model fit measures presented “satisfactory” values (Root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA=0.07; p<0.001]). The EFA grouped items into one factor, presenting “high” reliability values (α=0.822 and ω=0.829). In items 1 to 5 and the total Ch-PPLI, boys presented higher values than girls (all p<0.05). In items 2 to 5, 7, 9, and the total Ch-PPLI, the active population (physical activity level questionnaire >5 points) presented higher values versus the physically inactive population (all p<0.05).Discussion: Compare the research results with other findings from the literature. Conclusions: The Ch-PPLI showed validity and reliability in Chilean children from 10 to 18 years old. The Ch-PPLI identified differences in motor literacy between men and women and between physically active and inactive individuals. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-08) Lara, Lucia A; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Figueiredo, Jaqueline BP; Rosa-e-Silva, Ana Carolina JS; Ferriani, Rui A.; Martins, Wellington P.; Fuentealba-Torres, Miguel
Background: The perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods are associated with many symptoms, including sexual complaints. This review is an update of a review first published in 2013. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of hormone therapy on sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Search methods: On 19 December 2022 we searched the Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, two trials registries, and OpenGrey, together with reference checking and contact with experts in the field for any additional studies. Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials that compared hormone therapy to either placebo or no intervention (control) using any validated assessment tool to evaluate sexual function. We considered hormone therapy: estrogen alone; estrogen in combination with progestogens; synthetic steroids, for example, tibolone; selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), for example, raloxifene, bazedoxifene; and SERMs in combination with estrogen. Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. We analyzed data using mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs). The primary outcome was the sexual function score. Secondary outcomes were the domains of sexual response: desire; arousal; lubrication; orgasm; satisfaction; and pain. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Main results: We included 36 studies (23,299 women; 12,225 intervention group; 11,074 control group), of which 35 evaluated postmenopausal women; only one study evaluated perimenopausal women. The 'symptomatic or early postmenopausal women' subgroup included 10 studies, which included women experiencing menopausal symptoms (symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal atrophy, and dyspareunia) or early postmenopausal women (within five years after menopause). The 'unselected postmenopausal women’ subgroup included 26 studies, which included women regardless of menopausal symptoms and women whose last menstrual period was more than five years earlier. No study included only women with sexual dysfunction and only seven studies evaluated sexual function as a primary outcome. We deemed 20 studies at high risk of bias, two studies at low risk, and the other 14 studies at unclear risk of bias. Nineteen studies received commercial funding. Estrogen alone versus control probably slightly improves the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04 to 0.96; I² = 88%; 3 studies, 699 women; moderate-quality evidence), and probably makes little or no difference to the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 0.64, 95% CI −0.12 to 1.41; I² = 94%; 6 studies, 608 women; moderate-quality evidence). The pooled result suggests that estrogen alone versus placebo or no intervention probably slightly improves sexual function composite score (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.04; I² = 92%; 9 studies, 1307 women, moderate-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of estrogen combined with progestogens versus placebo or no intervention on the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women (MD 0.08 95% CI −1.52 to 1.68; 1 study, 104 women; very low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of synthetic steroids versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 1.32, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.47; 1 study, 883 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.85; 1 study, 105 women; very low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of SERMs versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (MD −1.00, 95% CI −2.00 to -0.00; 1 study, 215 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (MD 2.24, 95% 1.37 to 3.11 2 studies, 1525 women, I² = 1%, low-quality evidence). We are uncertain of the effect of SERMs combined with estrogen versus control on the sexual function composite score in symptomatic or early postmenopausal women (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.43; 1 study, 542 women; very low-quality evidence) and of their effect in unselected postmenopausal women (SMD 2.79, 95% CI 2.41 to 3.18; 1 study, 272 women; very low-quality evidence). The observed heterogeneity in many analyses may be caused by variations in the interventions and doses used, and by different tools used for assessment. Authors' conclusions: Hormone therapy treatment with estrogen alone probably slightly improves the sexual function composite score in women with menopausal symptoms or in early postmenopause (within five years of amenorrhoea), and in unselected postmenopausal women, especially in the lubrication, pain, and satisfaction domains. We are uncertain whether estrogen combined with progestogens improves the sexual function composite score in unselected postmenopausal women. Evidence regarding other hormone therapies (synthetic steroids and SERMs) is of very low quality and we are uncertain of their effect on sexual function. The current evidence does not suggest the beneficial effects of synthetic steroids (for example tibolone) or SERMs alone or combined with estrogen on sexual function. More studies that evaluate the effect of estrogen combined with progestogens, synthetic steroids, SERMs, and SERMs combined with estrogen would improve the quality of the evidence for the effect of these treatments on sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2023 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development and validation of the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia)
(Cambridge University Press, 2023-08) Bhatt, Jem; Brohan, Elaine; Blasco, Drew; Oliveira, Déborah; Bakolis, Ioannis; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; D'Amico, Francesco; Farina, Nicolas; Knapp, Martin; Stevens, Madeleine; Thornicroft, Graham; Wilson, Emma; Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Yang, Lawrence H.; Evans-Lacko, Sara
Background The recent World Health Organization (WHO) blueprint for dementia research and Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health has identified a gap around dementia-related measures of stigma and discrimination that can be used in different cultural, language and regional contexts. Aims We aimed to characterise experiences of discrimination, and report initial psychometric properties of a new tool to capture these experiences, among a global sample of people living with dementia. Method We analysed data from 704 people living with dementia who took part in a global survey from 33 different countries and territories. Psychometric properties were examined, including internal consistency and construct validity. Results A total of 83% of participants reported discrimination in one or more areas of life, and this was similar across WHO Regions. The exploratory factor analysis factor loadings and scree plot supported a unidimensional structure for the Discrimination and Stigma Scale Ultra Short for People Living with Dementia (DISCUS-Dementia). The instrument demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with most of the construct validity hypotheses being confirmed and qualitative responses demonstrating face validity. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that the DISCUS-Dementia performs well with a global sample of people living with dementia. This scale can be integrated into large-scale studies to understand factors associated with stigma and discrimination. It can also provide an opportunity for a structured discussion around stigma and discrimination experiences important to people living with dementia, as well as planning psychosocial services and initiatives to reduce stigma and discrimination. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Methodological strategies for the generation of conceptual models in nursing
(Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, Volume 31 January 2023 Article number 315, 2023) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flerida; Villa-Velasquez, Jenifer; Ardiles-Irarrazabal, Rodrigo; Febre, Naldy; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra
Introduction: among the elements that make up the disciplinary knowledge of nursing are the conceptual models, which guide the work, so it is necessary to know the methodological strategies used for their construction. Objective: to analyze in the available state of the art the methodological strategies used for the generation of conceptual models in nursing. Methods: an integrative review was carried out according to the “Integra” methodology, consulting the WoS, SCOPUS, CINAHL and Dialnet databases, which were complemented with a manual search. After applying filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 27 manuscripts. Results: the identified manuscripts fluctuated between 1968 and 2021, distinguishing a predominance in the inductive approach, the authors used elements that represent a specific reality for the construction of conceptual models of nursing, through empirical evidence through ethnographies, narrative studies, grounded theory and action research, practice experiences, observations, interviews, reflection, literature review and consensus of the researchers. Conclusions: three methodological approaches were identified for the generation of conceptual models in nursing, the inductive, deductive, and finally the mixed approach, the latter triangulating the first two, being able to enhance the strengths of each approach and diminishing its weaknesses. © 2023, Publicacion de la Asociacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia. All rights reserved
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related

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