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Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Factors associated with early readmission to Intensive Care Units. A systematic review
(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 0025) Badilla-Morales V.; Sousa R.M.C; Nasabun-Flores V.; González-Nahuelquin C. d
Introduction: Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) determines worse outcomes such as higher mortality, increased hospital and ICU stay, as well as higher economic costs. When deciding which patient is suitable for transfer from the ICU, factors associated with readmission must be considered to avoid it. Knowledge of these factors helps professionals identify those patients with a higher probability of readmission, prioritizing their care, establishing and preparing interventions that seek to reduce the risk of readmission. Objective: Determine factors associated with early readmission in patients transferred from the ICU to general hospitalization wards of the same hospital. Method: Studies were retrieved from databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS identifying original studies on adult patients readmitted early to the ICU during the same hospitalization, in any language and without time limit. Studies of patient readmission after seven days, review articles, editorials, protocols, clinical guidelines, qualitative studies and opinion surveys were excluded. Results: Of 755 files found, 28 articles made up the review. The most analyzed factors were age, sex, severity of the disease, comorbidity, length of stay in the ICU, mechanical ventilation and nocturnal discharge. Those most frequently associated with readmission were age, severity of illness, comorbidity, and length of ICU stay. NEWS, MEWS, and SWIFT scores were also factors associated with readmission. Conclusion: More research is needed to identify those modifiable factors that can decrease readmission rates. Using readmission prediction instruments at the time of discharge could support the decision of which patient is most prepared for it. © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC)
Ethical aspects in the assent of adolescents to participate in research
(Andes Pediatrica, Volume 94, Issue 1, Pages 104 - 111January-February 2023, 2023) Jiménez, Daniella Constanza Cancino; Jiménez, Jorge Iván Cancino
Objective: to describe the ethical aspects to be considered in the consent of adolescents to participate in research. Material and Method: A narrative review was conducted in the scientific databases PUBMED and BVS, between 2010-2021, the search was conducted in English, and MeSH and DeCS descriptors were used, obtaining a total sample of 12 articles selected for analysis. Results: Age was commonly used instead of directly assessing the ability to understand the issues and make an informed decision about participating in research. This ability is influenced by age, context, and develo-pment. Adolescent decision-making is substantially different in the presence of peers. A balance is needed between recognizing the emerging autonomy in adolescents, their differential developmental rhythms, and their not yet fully mature response to personal risk. Conclusions: It is necessary to ge-nerate responses and strategies that safeguard both safety and respect for adolescents, focusing on the characteristics of both the age group and the individual, unifying valid mechanisms for determining the capacity to consent, integrating criteria from the sciences regarding cognition, maturation and development, psychology and ethics. © 2023, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Survival time among patients who were diagnosed with tuberculosis, the precocious deaths and associated factors in southern Brazil
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021-12) dos Santos, Danielle Talita; Arroyo, Luiz Henrique; Alves, Yan Mathias; Alves, Luana Seles; Berra, Thais Zamboni; Crispim, Juliane de Almeida; Alves, Josilene Dália; Ramos, Denisse Andrea Cartagena; Alonso, Jonas Bodini; de Assis, Ivaneliza Simionato; Ramos, Antônio Vieira; Dessunti, Elma Mathias; Carvalho Pinto, Ione; Palha, Pedro Fredemir; Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre; Nunes, Carla
Background: A diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) does not mean that the disease will be treated successfully, since death may occur even among those who are known to the health services. Here, we aimed to analyze patient survival time from the diagnosis of TB to death, precocious deaths, and associated factors in southern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with patients who were diagnosed with TB and who died due to the disease between 2008 and 2015 in southern Brazil. The starting point for measuring survival time was the patient’s diagnosis date. Techniques for survival analysis were employed, including the Kaplan-Meier test and Cox’s regression. A mixed-effect model was applied for identifying the associated factors to precocious deaths. Hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. We defined p value <0.05 as statistically significant for all statistics applied. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were included in the survival analysis, observing a median survival time of 23.5 days. We observed that alcoholism (HR=1.55, 95% CI=1.04-2.30) and being male (HR=6.49, 95% CI=1.03-2.68) were associated with death. The chance of precocious death within 60 days was 10.48 times greater than the chance of early death within 30 days. Conclusion: Most of the deaths occurred within 2 months after the diagnosis, during the intensive phase of the treatment. The use of alcohol and gender were associated with death, revealing inequality between men and women. This study advanced knowledge regarding the vulnerability associated with mortality. These findings must be addressed to fill a gap in the care cascades for active TB and ensure equity in health. © 2021, The Author(s).
¿Inteligencia emocional rasgo como factor amortiguador ante el agotamiento académico post-confinamiento pandémico?
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Ardiles-Irarrázabal, Rodrigo-Alejandro; Pérez-Díaz, Pablo; Pérez-González, Juan-Carlos; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Mercado, Paula Gatica
Introducción: los estudiantes de enfermería son una población vulnerable a problemas de salud mental, especialmente, el síndrome de burnout. La inteligencia emocional rasgo aparece como factor protector ante estos riesgos. No se han descrito los efectos psicoemocionales del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento por COVID-19. Objetivo: describir la relación de la Inteligencia Emocional rasgo con el burnout académico en estudiantes de Enfermería luego del retorno a actividades académicas presenciales post-confinamiento en una universidad chilena. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo-correlacional, transversal, no experimental, no probabilístico. Se aplicaron 213 encuestas para medir la inteligencia emocional rasgo y el burnout académico en el post-confinamiento. Se reportaron diferencias de medias por medio del análisis post-hoc con estadístico de Games Howell, y las correlaciones se realizaron con el coeficiente de Rho Spearman.Resultados: se presentó un alto percentil en inteligencia emocional rasgo (58 %) de la muestra, y una prevalencia leve de burnout académico (92,1 %). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p<0,000) entre varios factores. El factor Bienestar se presentó negativamente con dos dimensiones del burnout; mientras que el factor Emocionalidad se mostró como riesgo para el aumento del agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, pero asociado positivamente con realización personal. Conclusiones: existe relación entre variables, dos factores de la inteligencia emocional rasgo se asociaron con burnout. Universidades y académicos deben actuar como promotores de inteligencia emocional en pos de reducir el burnout. Se requiere más investigación y cautela a la hora de concluir automáticamente que mayores niveles de inteligencia emocional son siempre mejores ante cualquier circunstancia. Palabras clave: Inteligencia Emocional; Agotamiento Psicológico; Estudiantes de Enfermería; COVID-19.
Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0023-09) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. © 2023 by the authors.
Challenging Barriers: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) Clinical Practice Guidelines and Organizational Change
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024) Rojas-Avila, Javier; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska Lídice
Introduction: over the past four decades, hospitals have faced transformations in funding and management to address growing healthcare demands. The implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO) clinical guidelines and the Best Practice Spotlight Organisations (BPSO®) programme, is crucial to improve the quality of care. The collaboration between the RNAO and the Ministry of Health (MINSAL) in Chile highlights the importance of innovation and excellence in healthcare. Aim: describe the relevance of RNAO guidelines, barriers to their implementation and the role of nursing through a narrative review of the literature. Development: implementation of BPSO® has demonstrated substantial improvements, including significant increases in patient risk identification and management. However, implementation of the RNAO Good Practice Guidelines (GBP) faces challenges, such as political, organisational and professional barriers. Implementation science is crucial to address these by designing strategies that drive evidence-based quality of care. Conclusion: in summary, the implementation of evidence-based practices, such as the RNAO GBP, represents an organisational change supported by programmes such as BPSO® that have improved care. It is essential to identify barriers, especially in nursing, in order to overcome obstacles and ensure the active participation of professionals in the continuous improvement of the quality of health care. © 2024; Los autores.
Consideraciones claves en el proceso de asentimiento en niños, niñas y adolescentes: revisión integrativa
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria, 2024) Vega Vega, Paula; Castillo, Claudia Miranda; Celis, Ivonne Vargas
La incorporación de niñas, niños y adolescentes en investigación requiere de medidas bioéticas para salvaguardar su autonomía y bienestar, a través de la aplicación del proceso de asentimiento informado. Objetivo: Analizar críticamente los factores involucrados en el proceso de asentimiento/consentimiento en niños(as) y adolescentes en la investigación. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de evidencia científica realizada entre abril a junio del 2023, de manuscritos publicados entre los años 2014 y 2023 en bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, CUIDEN y CINAHL, usando los descriptores Process Assessment OR Assent AND Informed Consent AND Bioethics AND Minors OR Child OR Children AND Adolescent OR Teenage AND Pediatrics AND Research. Se encontraron 20 artículos primarios, cuyos resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías: Consentimiento/asentimiento compartido; Factores propios del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento (edad del niño, niña y adolescente para dar asentimiento y autonomía del niño, niña y adolescente para dar el asentimiento) y Aspectos claves del proceso de asentimiento (Formato del formulario del asentimiento, Contenido de formulario de asentimiento y Contexto para aplicar el proceso de asentimiento). Conclusiones: El proceso de asentimiento es una herramienta clave para el cumplimiento legal y ético de los derechos de niños y adolescentes en la participación de estudios clínicos. Además de favorecer la participación en la toma de decisiones informada en conjunto con los padres, también, es una instancia donde se valoran sus competencias, capacidad de comprensión y autonomía del participante.
Treatment outcomes of the e-Health in the elderly: A systematic review
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Martínez, Elizabeth; Rivera, Fernanda; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Díaz, Felipe; León, María Elisa; Febré, Naldy; Arcêncio, Ricardo; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse
Introduction: E-Health, is a relevant service provision since the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, when it became a patient care alternative, however, few studies have evidenced the treatment outcomes of this tool in elderly people. Objectives: to analyze the treatment outcomes of telemedicine in the elderly. Methods: a systematic review was carried out according to six stages. The PubMed, CINAHL and Science Direct databases were used. Experimental studies between 2017 and 2022 were included. All references were exported to the EndNote manager. The methodological quality was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tools (MMAT) checklist. The deductive thematic analysis of the data was based on the Model for Assessment of Telemedicine Applications (MAST). Results: out of a total of 2 628 articles identified and 10 included. Of the total number of studies analyzed, two of them used a digital platform, two by telephone follow-up, four mixed telemedicine interventions and two by tele-rehabilitation. According to the evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies, five of them met all the criteria and five studies met more than 80 % of the criteria. Conclusions: mixed e-Health tools improve treatment outcomes in the psychosocial perspective in the older adult. Future studies should delve into other aspects of the impact of treatment outcomes of other digital tools used in health for this age group, such as somatic, physical, and cultural aspects. © 2023; Los autores.
Hospital-acquired pressure injuries and factors affecting their development: multicentre study
(Editorial Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2024-01) Febré-Vergara, Naldy; Mondaca-Gómez, Katherine; Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Méndez-Celis, Paula; Muñoz-Cáceres, Viviana; Chepo-Chepo, Macarena
Introduction: hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) represent a significant public health challenge. Understanding their main characteristics and related factors is essential for effective prevention. This article aims to analyse the main characteristics of HAPUs in four high-complexity hospital centres in Chile. Methods: secondary, analytical observational study. The sample (n=1000) included paediatric and adult patients. The study variables were the presence of HAPU, age, sex, dermatitis, risk of HAPU, change of position, pressure relief surface, immobilisation and speed of onset. Measurement of variables included physical examination and chart review. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were performed, accepting 95%CI, p<0,05. Results: a crude prevalence of 18,7 % was estimated. Most patients with HAPU were male (56,1 %), aged 18-59 years (39,6 %) and 60-80 years (39,0 %). On average, ten days elapsed from patient admission to the development of HAPU The most common stage was stage I (50 %), and the sacral region was the most frequent site of occurrence (30,1 %). The factor with the strongest association with having HAPU was having a high ulceration risk classification (OR 2,6, 95%CI1,5-4,4). Conclusions: this is the first study in Chile that showed the characterization of HAPU in a relevant sample of hospitalized patients. The relevant representative aspects for monitoring and preventing HAPU as its prevalence, location and factors associated with its appearance. © 2024; Los autores.
Ethical considerations in the development of research on sexual and gender minorities: An integrative review
(Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, 2023-08) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Santana-Soler, Yocelin
Introducción. Las minorías sexuales y de género tienen una historia de larga data de discriminación y abuso dentro de la investigación, tales como castración involuntaria, inyecciones hormonales, terapias conductuales, tratamientos de choque e institucionalización, revelando la necesidad de conocer los resguardos éticos que se deben considerar. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las consideraciones éticas involucradas en el desarrollo de investigación en minorías sexuales y de género. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; se revisaron 258 artículos en extenso, seleccionando 14 de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en español e inglés publicados desde el 2017 hasta junio del 2022, que declaren aspectos éticos en la investigación con minorías sexuales y de género. Los criterios de exclusión correspondieron a cartas al director, editoriales, capítulos de libros, tesis, conferencias y ensayos. Resultados. Las consideraciones fueron agrupadas en preparación de la investigación y aprobación del comité de ética; recogida de datos; análisis y presentación de los resultados; consideraciones en autores y académicos transgéneros. Discusión. La comunidad científica coincide en la necesidad de considerar la vulnerabilidad de la población de las lesbianas, homosexuales, bisexuales, transgéneros, queer y personas con otras identidades y orientaciones de género, tributando a estudios que contemplen sus singularidades. Conclusión. Se reitera la importancia de considerar a la población de minorías sexuales y de género, la utilización de muestras representativas, el resguardo del anonimato y el empleo de un lenguaje inclusivo. Palabras clave: Minorías Sexuales y de Género; Ética; Investigación; Investigación en Enfermería; Poblaciones vulnerables
Explanatory Model of Self-Efficacy for Cervical Cancer Screening
(IMR Press Limited, 2024-01) Corrales, Angela-Cristina Yanez; Urrutia, Maria-Teresa; Padilla, Oslando
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) screening is a public health concern, and social conditions partially explain the individual’s ability to respond to the preventive aspect of the disease. This study aims to design an explanatory model of self-efficacy (SE) for CC screening. Methods: This study was conducted on 969 women aged 25–64 years who used the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to generate the explanatory model for global SE index and for each of their components as function of sociodemographic factors, factors related to interaction with the health system, risk factors for CC, family functioning, and the knowledge and beliefs of women regarding the disease and its prevention. Results: The factors that explain high levels of SE are low levels of education and knowledge of the risk factors of CC, better beliefs about the barriers to and benefits of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, participation in breast cancer screening, and highly functional family Apgar. Conclusions: To administer as many CC screening as possible, achieve effective interventions, and reach optimal coverage rates, it is necessary to consider social determinants, collaborate with other cancer screening programs, and work toward the beliefs of the population.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of dementia interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic mapping of 340 randomised controlled trials
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-07) Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Shi, Cheng; Patel, Disha; McDaid, David; Astudillo-García, Claudia Iveth; Bobrow, Kirsten; Choy, Jacky; Comas-Herrera, Adelina; Fry, Andra; Knapp, Martin; Leung, Dara Kiu Yi; Lopez-Ortega, Mariana; Lorenz-Dant, Klara; Musyimi, Christine; Ndetei, David; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Oliveira, Deborah; Putra, Aditya; Vara, Alisha; Wong, Gloria; Naci, Huseyin
Objectives: More people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries, but best-practice care recommendations are often based on studies from high-income countries. We aimed to map the available evidence on dementia interventions in LMICs. Methods: We systematically mapped available evidence on interventions that aimed to improve the lives of people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or their carers in LMICs (registered on PROSPERO: CRD42018106206). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2018. We searched 11 electronic academic and grey literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Global Health, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane CENTRAL, Social Care Online, BASE, MODEM Toolkit) and examined the number and characteristics of RCTs according to intervention type. We used the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias. Results: We included 340 RCTs with 29,882 (median, 68) participants, published 2008–2018. Over two-thirds of the studies were conducted in China (n = 237, 69.7%). Ten LMICs accounted for 95.9% of included RCTs. The largest category of interventions was Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 149, 43.8%), followed by Western medicine pharmaceuticals (n = 109, 32.1%), supplements (n = 43, 12.6%), and structured therapeutic psychosocial interventions (n = 37, 10.9%). Overall risk of bias was judged to be high for 201 RCTs (59.1%), moderate for 136 (40.0%), and low for 3 (0.9%). Conclusions: Evidence-generation on interventions for people with dementia or MCI and/or their carers in LMICs is concentrated in just a few countries, with no RCTs reported in the vast majority of LMICs. The body of evidence is skewed towards selected interventions and overall subject to high risk of bias. There is a need for a more coordinated approach to robust evidence-generation for LMICs. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Adaptation, testing, and use of the “iSupport for Dementia” program in different countries: a systematic review
(Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2024-05) Corrêa, Larissa; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; Oliveira, Déborah c; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; da Cruz, Keila Cristianne Trindade; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; Monteiro, Diana Quirino; Barbosa, Gustavo Carrijo; Pilegis, Anabel Machado Cardoso Alvarenga; da Rocha, Luana Aparecida a; de Souza Alves, Ludmyla Caroline; Maciel, Luiza Barros; Campos, Camila Rafael Ferreira; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
The World Health Organization developed the “iSupport for Dementia” program for family caregivers of people with dementia. Objective: To explore studies on adaptation, randomized clinical trial protocols, and preliminary results of iSupport by unpaid caregivers of people living with dementia in different countries. Methods: Systematic review. Results: Ten cultural adaptation studies, eight randomized clinical trial protocols, and two preliminary results were included. Adaptation studies showed adjustments in terminology, design, and additional resources. Clinical trial protocols included burden as the primary outcome, and baseline, three months of intervention, and follow-up after six months. Studies with preliminary results found positive effects on the mental health and well-being of caregivers after using the program. Conclusion: iSupport is an online program of the World Health Organization in response to dementia in implementation in different countries.
Quality of life and psychosocial risks in primary care workers in an urban area
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2024) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel Andrez; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra Verónica d; Luengo-Martínez, Carolina Elena; Quintana-Zavala, María Olga
Health workers are exposed to a wide variety of risks in their workplaces, including psychosocial risks, which are increasingly taking on special importance, with primary health care being little studied in this area, despite having taken great responsibilities in the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between psychosocial risks and quality of life in health team workers in Family Health Centers Antofagasta, Chile, in 2021, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a quantitative study, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional type with 78 workers from the Primary Care health team of three Family Health Centers in the city of Antofagasta. The Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud 21 brief version and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version instrument were applied. RESULTS: The presence of a globally high psychosocial risk stands out, being this classified as high risk/level 1. The professional groups with the highest risks were nursing technicians and nurses; regarding quality of life, the dimension with the lowest score was psychological health, with a mean of 73.6. CONCLUSIONS: A negative relationship between psychosocial risks in the workplace and workers' quality of life was evidenced In this hostile scenario, it is imperative that nurses, at a tactical and strategic level, promote workers' health, cultivate healthy work environments, promote labor relations, and exercise more empathetic leadership as care managers.
Validity of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2
(Associacao Medica Brasileira, 2024-05) Cartagena-Ramos, Denisse; Fuentealba-Torres, Miguel; Arroyo, Luiz Henrique; dos Santos, Daniella Talita; Rebustini, Flávio; Lara, Lúcia Alves Silva; Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira
The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 is a self-report instrument for assessing sexual desire in men and women. In Brazil, there is no validated sexual desire self-report for the adult population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evidence of validity for the content and construct of the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian men and women. The sample size was calculated using the criterion of more than 20 participants per item. The invitation to participate in the study was conducted online by the platform Survey Monkey®. The Sexual Desire Inventory 2 was evaluated for content, construct, reliability, and invariance. Results: A total of 818 female and male adults participated in the study. The two-dimensional factorial solution represented 71% of the total variance explained by the model, and the factorial loads of the model were ≥0.40; commonalities presented values ≥0.23. Reliability was measured by the coefficients of Cronbach’s alpha with a total score of 0.87, McDonald’s of 0.87, Omega, and greatest lower bound with a total score of 0.95. The metric invariance was tested for the sex variables ΔCFI (comparative fit index) and ΔRMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) with a total score of 0.01. Conclusion: The analyses indicate evidence of robust validity in the Brazilian online version of the Sexual Desire Inventory 2.
Riesgos psicosociales: principales amenazas para los trabajadores sanitarios causadas por la pandemia del COVID-19
(Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2022) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Valenzuela-Suazo, Sandra
Los riesgos psicosociales circunscriben una relación entre el individuo con el medio donde se desenvuelve, incluyendo desde aspectos físicos y sociales hasta organizacionales del trabajo, que pueden, en función de las capacidades personales, ser potencialmente dañinos para la salud de los trabajadores. Actualmente el mundo entero está siendo testigo de una de las crisis sanitarias más grandes del siglo XXI, debida a un nuevo tipo de virus causante de enfermedades denominado severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo resaltar la importancia de los riesgos psicosociales en el equipo de la salud, desde las evidencias levantadas en contexto de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Se trata de un artículo analítico, cuya pregunta orientadora fue ¿qué fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes en los trabajadores sanitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19? Se incluyeron 29 documentos, procedentes de diferentes fuentes de información que enriquecieron la muestra trabajada. Se analizó la presencia de las fuentes de origen de riesgos psicosociales en la pandemia por COVID-19, según contenido del trabajo, carga y ritmo de trabajo, horario laboral, control, entorno y equipos, estructura y cultura organizativa, relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo, rol en la organización, desarrollo profesional y conciliación vida personal-laboral, y además se expusieron ejemplos de situaciones que dan cuenta de la presencia de estos riesgos. Todas las fuentes de riesgos psicosociales están presentes durante la pandemia, siendo que a la fecha se han descrito algunas de sus lamentables consecuencias nocivas, y por ello se hace un llamado al abordaje de la problemática.
Retinography and Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma by Evaluating Sensitivity and Specificity: A Systematic Review
(Permanyer Publications, 2023-05) Rojas Cavanela, Clyo; López-Alegría, Fanny
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of digital photography with a non-mydriatic retinal camera and optical coherence tomography (OCT) as screening methods for the early detection of glaucoma. Method: A systematic review was carried out in the Medline, LILACS and SciELO bibliographic databases, using the search strategy: adult AND glaucoma AND “tomography, optical coherence” OR “optical coherence tomography” OR retinography OR “fundus photography” OR “optic disc photographs” AND “early diagnosis” OR “vision screening” AND effectiveness OR “sensitivity and specificity.” Results: Of the 244 records identified, 8 articles were included for the analysis. Of these, 4 of the studies show that OCT has a sensitivity and specificity equal to or greater than 90% for the detection of glaucoma and only 1 study shows values below 90%. All the studies that use retinography as a measurement instrument show sensitivities lower than 80%. Half of these studies show that the sensitivity and specificity of retinography increases with the application of automated learning algorithms and even better, if this instrument is complemented with OCT or computerized perimetry. Conclusion: The high sensitivity and specificity of OCT in the diagnosis of glaucoma is evidenced in comparison with retinography (lower sensitivity). © 2023 Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología.

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