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Acceptability of HPV Vaccines: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Summary
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0023-09) Urrutia, María-Teresa; Araya, Alejandra-Ximena; Gajardo, Macarena; Chepo, Macarena; Torres, Romina; Schilling, Andrea
In 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for use as an effective intervention for reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, its successful implementation is dependent on acceptability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the reasons that favor or do not favor the acceptability of HPV vaccines. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research on 16 databases. A total of 32 articles that considered the perspectives of vaccine users, their parents, and the professionals who care for them were reviewed. Synthesis was conducted as described by Sandelowski and Barroso. Results: We used inductive and deductive methods to obtain a total of 22 dimensions, out of which three issues stood out that should be considered to improve acceptability and are formed by three groups of study, namely, information about the vaccine, fears and side effects, and sexuality associated with the vaccine. Conclusions: Acceptability, as well as adherence to HPV vaccination, is a complex concept. This review highlights the perspectives of the three sets of actors involved in the process (i.e., users, parents, and professionals) and views these factors in relation to acceptability as a guide for new interventions. © 2023 by the authors.
Factors associated with early readmission to Intensive Care Units. A systematic review
(Ediciones Doyma, S.L., 0025) Badilla-Morales V.; Sousa R.M.C; Nasabun-Flores V.; González-Nahuelquin C. d
Introduction: Readmission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) determines worse outcomes such as higher mortality, increased hospital and ICU stay, as well as higher economic costs. When deciding which patient is suitable for transfer from the ICU, factors associated with readmission must be considered to avoid it. Knowledge of these factors helps professionals identify those patients with a higher probability of readmission, prioritizing their care, establishing and preparing interventions that seek to reduce the risk of readmission. Objective: Determine factors associated with early readmission in patients transferred from the ICU to general hospitalization wards of the same hospital. Method: Studies were retrieved from databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, BVS, PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS identifying original studies on adult patients readmitted early to the ICU during the same hospitalization, in any language and without time limit. Studies of patient readmission after seven days, review articles, editorials, protocols, clinical guidelines, qualitative studies and opinion surveys were excluded. Results: Of 755 files found, 28 articles made up the review. The most analyzed factors were age, sex, severity of the disease, comorbidity, length of stay in the ICU, mechanical ventilation and nocturnal discharge. Those most frequently associated with readmission were age, severity of illness, comorbidity, and length of ICU stay. NEWS, MEWS, and SWIFT scores were also factors associated with readmission. Conclusion: More research is needed to identify those modifiable factors that can decrease readmission rates. Using readmission prediction instruments at the time of discharge could support the decision of which patient is most prepared for it. © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC)
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Scoping Review on Ethical Considerations in Research on the Work–Family Interaction Process
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Valencia-Contrera, Miguel; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Cancino-Jiménez, Daniella; Vallejos-Vergara, Solange; Febré, Naldy
Background: The complex nature of the work–family interaction process means special ethical considerations are required in its study. Symphonology can guide ethical analysis in this area, as it pertains to the study of agreements and the elements necessary to form them. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the ethical considerations involved in the development of research on the work–family interaction process via symphonological bioethical theory. Methods: A scoping review was conducted by consulting the following databases: Web of Science (WoS), SCOPUS, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Business Source Ultimate. Given the small number of studies identified in the field, we did not discriminate by years of publication and included articles of any design that addressed ethical considerations in research on the work–family interaction process or that were related to the topic, including manuscripts in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: The ethical analysis of research on the work–family interaction process requires us to consider the participant’s multi-role status as a “worker,” including their inherent relationships with their environment, such as colleagues and supervisors, and as a member of a “family” unit. The various factors involved in the work–family interaction “context” must be analyzed within the context of situation, knowledge, and awareness. Based on the review findings, a list of recommendations was developed focused on planning, data collection, and result presentation. Key points include the provision of psychological support when the research involves sensitive data; the notification of authorities upon identifying offenses such as workplace abuse or domestic violence; and ensuring confidentiality of participation. Conclusions: This review provided answers to the proposed objective, concluding that the symphonological nursing bioethics theory, through its conception and statements, guides researchers to make decisions in the context of research development in the work–family interaction process. © 2025 by the authors.
Significados simbólicos de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2003) Muñoz, Luz Angélica; Price, Yocelyn; Gambini, Liliana; Stefanelli, Maguida Costa
La investigación presenta tres universos culturales que sufren Hipertensión Arterial, Diabetes y Artrosis, describiendo las distintas dimensiones y la interpretación de los significados. Se utilizó el método etnográfico, utilizando la entrevista etnográfica y la observación participante y, en la interpretación, el interaccionismo simbólico y otros autores. Los aspectos éticos de la investigación con seres humanos fueron respetados. Surgen convergencias en las dimensiones en que son percibidas las tres enfermedades: la pérdida del bienestar y soporte social, miedo a la invalidez y muerte, percibiendo la familia y aceptando la cronicidad y, valorizando la medicina alternativa. El cuidado de enfermería es percibido por esta clientela con ambigüedad.
Globalization and Nursing
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2005) Muñoz Gonzales, Luz Angélica
La experiencia de las enfermeras clínicas con estudiantes de enfermería: un análisis fenomenológico
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2009) Santos Merighi, Marcia Fernandes dos; Merighi, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa; Muñoz, Luz Angélica
La trayectoria de este estudio se dirigió para la comprensión de la vivencia de ser enfermera clínica que actúa con estudiantes en los campos clínicos. Tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia vivida de las enfermeras clínicas al estar con los estudiantes de enfermería en cuanto ellos desarrollan su experiencia clínica en su servicio. Se optó por realizar una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se entrevistaron nueve enfermeras clínicas y de sus discursos se identificaron cuatro categorías concretas de lo vivido, que fueron interpretadas según el referente filosófico de Martín Heidegger. De las categorías que emergieron de los discursos se destacaron: Siendo enfermera con estudiantes en el proceso de formación y La posibilidad de estar con estudiantes de universidades privadas y universidades tradicionales, que se presentaron en el intento de estimular reflexiones acerca de la importante participación de este profesional en la formación de los futuros profesionales de enfermería.
Vivencia de los cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores que sufren depresión
(Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, 2010) Muñoz González, Luz Angélica; Price Romero, Yocelyn Margaret; Reyes López, Marcia; Ramírez, Macarena; Stefanelli, Maguida Costa
La investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo los cuidadores familiares vivencian la depresión de los adultos mayores, en su contexto cultural. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de trayectoria etnográfica utilizando el referencial de Spradley. El universo cultural se constituyó con familiares, quienes ejercían el rol de cuidador, obteniéndose su participación a través de consentimiento informado. La enfermedad es percibida por los cuidadores como una limitación profunda en la calidad de vida del anciano, sumando soledad, tristeza y dolor. Los sentimientos de los pacientes deprimidos se hacen extensivos a los cuidadores, quienes también corren el riesgo de deprimirse. Las responsabilidades propias del cuidado también generan en los cuidadores sentimientos de culpa, lo cual los expone a un mayor grado de sufrimiento. Los familiares reconocen las formas de inicio de la enfermedad, sus atributos, las formas de tratamiento, y el estigma social asociado a la enfermedad mental y su rol fundamental de apoyo y cuidado en la recuperación.
Calidad de vida de mujeres en fase de transición menopáusica evaluado por la menopause rating scale (MRS)
(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2010) López A., Fanny; Soares De Lorenzi, Dino Roberto; d'Andretta Tanaka, Ana Cristina
Antecedentes: En las últimas décadas han surgido cambios en la pirámide poblacional aumentando el número de mujeres en fase climatérica, esto unido al concepto de calidad de vida, le ha dado mayor relevancia al estudio de las modificaciones que ocurren en esta etapa de la vida. Objetivos: Identificar la frecuencia e intensidad de los síntomas de la transición menopáusica. Métodos: Estudio transversal comparativo en 969 mujeres de 45 a 64 años, usuarias de consultorios de Atención Primaria de Salud del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente, Santiago, Chile. Para evaluar la severidad de los síntomas climatéricos, se utilizó la Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el test T de Student, el test no paramétrico de Chi cuadrado, el test de Mann-Whitney y un nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: La edad promedio de las premenopáusicas fue de 49,1 ± 3,0 años y 55,3 ± 5,7 años en las posmenopáusicas. El síntoma más frecuente y que se presentó con mayor intensidad fueron las molestias musculares y articulares, el dominio más afectado fue el psicológico con una intensidad moderada y el perfil socio-demográfico fue similar para ambos grupos menopáusico. Conclusión: Al considerar el puntaje global de la escala MRS, ambos grupos se clasificaron en la categoría de intensidad moderada, pero en el grupo posmenopáusico, la puntuación fue más alta, lo que se traduce en una peor calidad de vida para estas mujeres, dado principalmente por el dominio psicológico. Background: There were changes in the recent decades in the population pyramid due an increase the number of women in climacteric phase, this antecedent, connected with the concept of quality of life, has given greater relevance to the study of the changes that occur in this stage of life. Objectives: To identify the frequency and intensity of the symptoms of the menopausal transition. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative population-based study was conducted. The selection of 969 women aged 45-64 years treated in the Primary Care Health Services of the Occident Region of Santiago, Chile. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of climacteric symptoms. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, T of Student test, the Mann-Whitney test; a probability of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average age of premenopausal women were 49.1 ± 3.0 years and 55.3 ± 5.7 years in postmenopausal. The most frequent symptoms and of greater intensity was the muscle and joint discomfort, the domain most affected was the psychological with a moderate intensity and socio-demographic profile were similar for both menopausal groups. Conclusion: The global score of the MRS scale for both groups are classified in the category of moderate intensity, but in the postmenopausal group, the score was higher, resulting in a lower quality of life for these women, mainly due the psychological domain.
Vivencia de estudiantes de enfermería de la transición a la práctica profesional: un enfoque fenomenológico social
(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2011) Vollrath, Antonia; Angelo, Margareth; Muñoz, Luz Angélica
La finalidad de este estudio fue comprender el significado de la experiencia de aprendizaje de transición del estudiante de enfermería, y el significado de sus expectativas del aprendizaje para su futura práctica profesional. Optamos por una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque fenomenológico social de Alfred Shutz, para lo cual se entrevistó a diez internos de enfermería. Del análisis comprensivo del tipo vivido, fue identificado que el estudiante siente que al asumir responsabilidades experimenta sufrimiento e inseguridad por falta de conocimiento, no confía en sus habilidades y se siente solo; pero a medida que percibe apoyo adquiere confianza, autonomía y se integra al equipo. Siente además que la enfermera es importante para la transición. Se lograron comprender en el proceso de transición los motivos para y los motivos por qué de sus acciones, y cómo se integra al mundo de la vida cotidiana de un determinado grupo social en un determinado tiempo y espacio.
The experience of nursing students in their transition to professional practice: A social phenomenological approach
(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2011) Ramírez, A.; Angelo, M.; González, L.
The purpose of this study was to better understand the meaning of the learning experience in transitioning from nursing student to professional, and the meaning of their expectations from their learning experience upon their future professional practice. The social phenomenological approach of Alfred Schutz was adopted in interviewing ten nursing interns. Comprehensive living experience analysis identified that the student feels that they take on suffering and uncertainty in taking on responsibility due to their lack of knowledge, lack of confidence in their abilities, and feelings of solitude. However, to the degree they perceive support they gain confidence, autonomy, and integrate themselves with the team. He/she feels, however, that nurses are important for the transition. This study made it possible to understand the reasons and motives for their actions within the transition process, as well as how a particular social group in a given time and space is integrated into the world of everyday life.
EXAMEN NACIONAL DE ENFERMERÍA EN CHILE: IMPORTANCIA Y DESAFÍOS
(Universidad de Conpceción, 2011) Castellano Salas, Angela; Tagle Vargas, Cristina; Galdames Cabrera, Luz; Riquelme Pereira, Náyade; Landman Navarro, Cecilia; Peroni Parraguez, Sonia
Si bien la evaluación de la calidad de la formación de los egresados, a través de un examen nacional, es una realidad reciente en Chile, la experiencia internacional es amplia y variada. Este artículo da a conocer la necesidad y trascendencia de aplicar algún tipo de medición de competencias en egresados de carreras de enfermería, las características de las evaluaciones que realizan algunos países que las han implementado; así como las políticas y organizaciones que regulan su aplicación. También describe la experiencia de aplicación de un examen nacional en el área de la salud en Chile, como es el caso de medicina y enfermería.
Vulnerabilidad social en mujeres embarazadas de una comuna de la Región Metropolitana
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2011) Arcos, Estela; Muñoz, Luz Angélica; Sánchez, Ximena; Vollrath, Antonia; Latorre, Carla; Bonatti, Carla; Jauregui, Josseline
The program "Chile grows with you" is a part of the Chilean social protection system oriented to decrease social inequities from pregnancy (a socially secure pregnancy) to four years of age, directed to the poorest 40% of the popula-tion. Aim: To determine the incidence of social vulnerability and its determinants, starting at the gestation period. Material and Methods: Data was obtained from anonymous secondary data based on the records of the first assessment of pregnant women and from social protection surveys, provided by the Ministry of Planning and Cooperation. Results: The incidence of social vulnerability was high. However there was a disparity between the figures obtained from the social protection records and the survey carried out during the first assessment of pregnant women (91 and 27% respectively). The psychosocial risk was higher among vulnerable women (42% compared to 28% among women not considered vulnerable). This risk was associated with lack of family support, depressive symptoms, gender violence, substance abuse and maternity confl icts. Working conditions were precarious with a low level of social security, there were habitability problems, disability, dependency, female householders and a mean income below the threshold of poverty. Conclusions: Among vulnerable families, there are adverse determinants that attempt against a socially secure preg-nancy and integral development of children.
Nursing teachers in clinical training areas: a phenomenological focus
(Universidad de Sao Paulo, 2011) Bettancourt, Lorena; Muñoz, Luz Angelica; Barbosa Merighi, Miriam Aparecida; dos Santos, Marcia Fernandes
During theoretical and practical activities in clinical training areas, nursing teachers provide the bases needed for the development of future professionals. The goal is to understand the experience of nursing teachers with nursing students in clinical training areas. Therefore, a phenomenological qualitative method was chosen, and Martin Heidegger's philosophical framework was used to support data analysis. Five faculty from a Chilean university participated in the study. The analysis permitted discovering the following themes: being a faculty at the hospital, contact with nurse practitioners and being a faculty in care teaching. The study demonstrated that teaching/care integration is a constructive element that facilitates the teaching and learning process, aiming to prepare nursing professionals who incorporate the bases of authentic care into their activities.
VIVENCIA DE DISCAPACIDAD POR TRAUMATISMO DE LA MÉDULA ESPINAL Y EL PROCESO DE REHABILITACIÓN
(Universidad de Conpceción, 2011) Gonzalez Echeverria, Luis; Price, Yoselyn; Muñoz, Luz Angélica
La discapacidad es un problema de salud que afecta distintas dimensiones en la calidad de vida de las personas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las vivencias de las personas con discapacidad por lesión medular. Se presenta una investigación de tipo cualitativa de trayectoria etnográfica, utilizando la entrevista, observación participante de Spradley y el interaccionismo simbólico de Mead. El universo se constituyó por adultos discapacitados por traumatismo grave a la médula espinal, en rehabilitación en la Fundación Esperanza Nuestra. La investigación describe la vivencia de tener una discapacidad por daño a la medula espinal, lo difícil que es asumir esta condición y disponerse a la rehabilitación. Los informantes describen etapas en el proceso de rehabilitación; desde una fase marcada por la depresión, hasta alcanzar en los mejores casos la independencia absoluta. La presencia del profesional de enfermería es una constante en los distintos momentos de la trayectoria de aceptación de la discapacidad y rehabilitación que los informantes describen, por lo que cobra importancia el rol de la enfermera y los efectos de sus cuidados. Se observa en la vivencia una ausencia de participación de los centros de salud de atención primaria, por lo tanto es fundamental fortalecer las bases para el desarrollo de una red para la rehabilitación con base en salud familiar y comunitaria.
La construcción imaginativa del cuidado: la experiencia del profesional de enfermería en un servicio de asistencia remota
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2012) Price Romero, Yocelyn Margaret; Angelo, Margareth; Muñoz Gonzalez, Luz Angelica
The direction of care delivery goes from the action to the being; a process built from professional experience, which gains special characteristics when the service is delivered by telephone. The goal of this research was to understand the interaction between professionals and users in a remote care service; to do so, a research is presented, using Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism as theoretical references. Data were collected through eight interviews with professionals who deliver care by telephone. The theoretical understanding permitted the creation of the theoretical model of the Imaginative Construction of Care, which shows the interaction processes the professional experiences when delivering care by telephone. In this model, individual and social facts are added, showing the link between the concepts, with special emphasis on uncertainty, sensitivity and professional responsibility, as essential components of this experience.
Academic Internationalization
(Universidad de Sao Pablo, 2012) González, L.
La globalización exige de las instituciones de educación superior el proceso clave de la internacionalización. En este contexto, las universidades tienen el desafío de analizar el sistema de formación ya que este es un componente estratégico de la inserción internacional de la academia, para fortalecer sus mecanismos de cooperación y colaboración. El escenario mundial caracterizado por cambios sociales, políticos, económicos y culturales, junto con el avance científico-tecnológico, la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y los objetivos del milenio exigen a las instituciones de educación superior la revisión de la pertinencia de sus misiones, acciones y procesos, ya que deben comprometerse a entregar una formación integral, ética y transversal del capital humano.
Nurses and care delivery to elderly women: a social phenomenological approach
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2012) Caldeira, Sebastião; Merighi, Miriam Aparecida Barbosa; Muñoz, Luz Angelica; Jesus, Maria Cristina Pinto de; Domingos, Selisvane Ribeiro da Fonseca; de Oliveira, Deíse Moura
OBJECTIVE: To understand how nurses see care delivery to elderly women. METHODS: In this phenomenological study, ten nurses working at Primary Health Care Units were interviewed between September 2010 and January 2011. RESULTS: In care delivery, nurses consider the elderly women's knowledge background and biographical situation, and also value the family's participation as a care mediator. These professionals have the acuity to capture these women's specific demands, but face difficulties to deliver care to these clients. Nurses expect to deliver qualified care to these women. CONCLUSION: The theoretical and methodological approach of social phenomenology permitted revealing that the nurse designs qualified care to elderly women, considering the possibilities in the context. This includes the participation of different social actors and health sectors, assuming collective efforts in action strategies and professional training, in line with the particularities and care needs of elderly women nurses identify.
Algoritmos de derivación y confirmación diagnóstica de citología cervical atípica: desafíos para la actualización
(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2012) López-Alegría, Fanny; Arcos G., Estela; González E., Luis; Soares De Lorenzi, Dino Roberto; Quezada P., Orlando
El Programa Nacional de Pesquisa y Control del Cáncer Cervicouterino de Chile ha contribuido al descenso sostenido de la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino. Para la reducción de esta mortalidad ha sido fundamental la citología exfoliativa del cérvix, la que no está exenta de resultados inciertos. En este sentido, los frotis clasificados como atípicos se consideran ambiguos por la presencia de anomalías celulares de difícil determinación, lo que se traduce en un diagnóstico de probabilidad incierta. En la literatura nacional como internacional, se manifiesta un notorio interés por unificar la nomenclatura citológica cervical y los algoritmos de derivación y confirmación diagnóstica, para el manejo clínico de las mujeres con anomalías citológicas cervicales y lesiones precursoras de cáncer cervicouterino. Por lo anterior, se considera relevante los estudios que proporcionen evidencia clínica epidemiológica actualizada, que permitan optimizar el cumplimiento del Programa Nacional de Cáncer Cervicouterino, conducentes al logro de los Objetivos Sanitarios del período 2011-2020.

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